{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215421978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237820","title":"3D Electrochemical Sensor and Microstructuration Using Aerosol Jet Printing","display_name":"3D Electrochemical Sensor and Microstructuration Using Aerosol Jet Printing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215421978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237820","mag":"3215421978","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237820","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045310182","display_name":"Tiziano Fapanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-6907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiziano Fapanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-6907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073500668","display_name":"Emilio Sardini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-7316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Sardini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-7316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035415675","display_name":"Mauro Serpelloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-5876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Serpelloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-5876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017170517","display_name":"Sarah Tonello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-7988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Tonello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7325-7988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045310182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7058069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"23","first_page":"7820","last_page":"7820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.7138301730155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.6816768646240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.540324866771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.5193977952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.5173642039299011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.4832042455673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reusability","display_name":"Reusability","score":0.4828808605670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.4809705317020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4692632555961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41654539108276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.26990610361099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.164819598197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.09165140986442566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.7138301730155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.6816768646240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.540324866771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5193977952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.5173642039299011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.4832042455673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137981799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369184","display_name":"Reusability","level":3,"score":0.4828808605670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.4809705317020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4692632555961609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41654539108276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26990610361099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.164819598197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09165140986442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34883822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:404cb81533fe4e2d898cba8957a4b3df","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/404cb81533fe4e2d898cba8957a4b3df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 23, p 7820 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/554317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11379/554317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/23/7820/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 23; Pages: 7820","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8659431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8659431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3411059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3411059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157769139","https://openalex.org/W1971315169","https://openalex.org/W2053515001","https://openalex.org/W2406596607","https://openalex.org/W2766085136","https://openalex.org/W2791714112","https://openalex.org/W2906500059","https://openalex.org/W2938450443","https://openalex.org/W2979752182","https://openalex.org/W2991466397","https://openalex.org/W3006275452","https://openalex.org/W3008353805","https://openalex.org/W3011515634","https://openalex.org/W3013946264","https://openalex.org/W3014754645","https://openalex.org/W3034532256","https://openalex.org/W3083164271","https://openalex.org/W3085372594","https://openalex.org/W3093007123","https://openalex.org/W3096487462","https://openalex.org/W3103428326","https://openalex.org/W3103551091","https://openalex.org/W3135188793","https://openalex.org/W3145766461","https://openalex.org/W3157881507","https://openalex.org/W3158849258","https://openalex.org/W3186276046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282938614","https://openalex.org/W2774752550","https://openalex.org/W4288084846","https://openalex.org/W2893816048","https://openalex.org/W3168747143","https://openalex.org/W2315867670","https://openalex.org/W1968795594","https://openalex.org/W2237675924","https://openalex.org/W2755432716","https://openalex.org/W2001085980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrochemical":[0],"sensors":[1],"are":[2,145],"attracting":[3],"great":[4],"interest":[5],"for":[6,165],"their":[7,12,22],"different":[8],"applications.":[9],"To":[10],"improve":[11,21,51],"performances,":[13],"basic":[14],"research":[15],"focuses":[16],"on":[17,130],"two":[18],"main":[19],"issues:":[20],"metrological":[23],"characteristics":[24],"(e.g.,":[25],"repeatability,":[26],"reusability":[27],"and":[28,30,71,87,134,143,172,190],"sensitivity)":[29],"investigate":[31],"innovative":[32,41,57],"fabrication":[33,58],"processes.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"work,":[37],"we":[38],"demonstrate":[39],"an":[40,56,69],"microstructuration":[42,160],"technique":[43,74],"aimed":[44],"at":[45],"increasing":[46],"electrochemical":[47,108],"sensor":[48],"sensitivity":[49,117,126,144],"to":[50,100,114,187,192],"electrode":[52],"active":[53,95],"area":[54,97,142],"by":[55,64,98],"technique.":[59],"The":[60,89,138,158],"process":[61],"is":[62,161],"empowered":[63],"aerosol":[65],"jet":[66],"printing":[67,73],"(AJP),":[68],"additive-manufacturing":[70],"non-contact":[72],"that":[75,168],"allows":[76],"depositing":[77],"functional":[78],"inks":[79],"in":[80],"precise":[81],"patterns":[82],"such":[83],"as":[84,149],"parallel":[85],"lines":[86],"grids.":[88],"3D":[90],"printed":[91],"microstructures":[92],"increased":[93],"the":[94,104,116,119,152,173],"surface":[96,141],"up":[99],"130%":[101],"without":[102],"changing":[103],"substrate":[105],"occupancy.":[106],"Further,":[107],"detection":[109],"of":[110,118,128,140,154],"ferro/ferri-cyanide":[111],"was":[112],"used":[113],"evaluate":[115],"electrodes.":[120],"This":[121],"evaluation":[122],"points":[123],"out":[124,186],"a":[125,162],"increase":[127,139],"2.3-fold":[129],"average":[131],"between":[132],"bare":[133],"fully":[135],"microstructured":[136],"devices.":[137],"well":[146],"linearly":[147],"correlated":[148],"expected,":[150],"verifying":[151],"fitness":[153],"our":[155],"production":[156],"process.":[157],"proposed":[159,174],"viable":[163],"solution":[164],"many":[166],"applications":[167],"requires":[169],"high":[170],"sensitivity,":[171],"technique,":[175],"since":[176],"it":[177],"does":[178],"not":[179],"require":[180],"masks":[181],"or":[182],"complex":[183],"procedures,":[184],"turns":[185],"be":[188],"flexible":[189],"applicable":[191],"infinite":[193],"construction":[194],"geometries.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}