{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215509007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237775","title":"Method of Step Detection and Counting Based on Measurements of Magnetic Field Variations","display_name":"Method of Step Detection and Counting Based on Measurements of Magnetic Field Variations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215509007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237775","mag":"3215509007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237775","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7775/pdf?version=1637658417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7775/pdf?version=1637658417","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044629186","display_name":"Patryk \u0141a\u015b","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-4937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patryk \u0141a\u015b","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-4937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072219454","display_name":"P. Wi\u015bniowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Wi\u015bniowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072219454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5116767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"23","first_page":"7775","last_page":"7775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6456273794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6164157390594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.5409775972366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-detection","display_name":"Step detection","score":0.5133963823318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.49852442741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.48521688580513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4737361669540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4670366942882538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4592641592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.40474432706832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36931508779525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33985286951065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3145851492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2345464825630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13459226489067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11026796698570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6456273794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6164157390594482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.5409775972366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608015","display_name":"Step detection","level":3,"score":0.5133963823318481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.49852442741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.48521688580513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4737361669540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4670366942882538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4592641592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.40474432706832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36931508779525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33985286951065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3145851492881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2345464825630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13459226489067078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11026796698570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006802","descriptor_name":"Human Activities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060526","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060526","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060526","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237775","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7775/pdf?version=1637658417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34883779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:73575cc669a044e9b1c4ef1f1a4e360a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/73575cc669a044e9b1c4ef1f1a4e360a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 23, p 7775 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/23/7775/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 23; Pages: 7775","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8659777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8659777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237775","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7775/pdf?version=1637658417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215509007.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95849437","https://openalex.org/W1505640616","https://openalex.org/W1507216665","https://openalex.org/W2070735503","https://openalex.org/W2076787343","https://openalex.org/W2079468485","https://openalex.org/W2081833615","https://openalex.org/W2116114068","https://openalex.org/W2146215442","https://openalex.org/W2146469560","https://openalex.org/W2468078839","https://openalex.org/W2482039911","https://openalex.org/W2550476060","https://openalex.org/W2792576649","https://openalex.org/W2972317743","https://openalex.org/W2998268595","https://openalex.org/W3083822387","https://openalex.org/W6722034014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034349229","https://openalex.org/W2375684291","https://openalex.org/W1972415042","https://openalex.org/W4366783034","https://openalex.org/W2005410346","https://openalex.org/W3004219868","https://openalex.org/W4313221225","https://openalex.org/W2150642609","https://openalex.org/W4306816370","https://openalex.org/W2189390720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Basic":[0],"human":[1],"activity":[2],"recognition":[3],"(HAR)":[4],"and":[5,14,33,59,103,135,150,186,207],"analysis":[6,95],"is":[7,91,112],"becoming":[8],"a":[9,21,67,73,107,115,119,175,205],"key":[10],"aspect":[11],"of":[12,35,96,147,192,204],"tracking":[13],"identifying":[15],"daily":[16],"habits":[17],"that":[18,70,117,157,174],"can":[19,180],"have":[20],"critical":[22],"impact":[23],"on":[24,30,50,93],"healthy":[25],"lifestyles":[26],"by":[27,197],"providing":[28],"feedback":[29],"health":[31],"status":[32],"warning":[34],"deterioration.":[36],"However,":[37],"current":[38,195],"approaches":[39],"for":[40,78],"detecting":[41],"basic":[42,79],"activities":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"movements":[46],"or":[47],"steps":[48,105],"rely":[49],"solutions":[51,196],"with":[52,124,133,145],"multiple":[53],"sensors":[54],"which":[55],"affect":[56],"their":[57],"size":[58],"power":[60,209],"consumption.":[61,210],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"novel":[68],"method":[69,161],"uses":[71],"only":[72],"single":[74,176],"magnetic":[75,97,121,177],"field":[76,98,122,178],"sensor":[77,99,123,179],"step":[80,168],"detection,":[81],"unlike":[82],"the":[83,158,190,194,199,202],"well-known":[84],"multisensory":[85],"solutions.":[86],"The":[87,110,170],"approach":[88,111],"presented":[89],"here":[90],"based":[92],"real-time":[94],"measurements":[100],"to":[101,164,183],"detect":[102,184],"count":[104],"during":[106],"walking":[108,152],"activity.":[109],"implemented":[113,138],"in":[114,139,167,187],"system":[116,206],"integrates":[118],"digital":[120],"software":[125],"blocks:":[126],"filter,":[127],"steady":[128],"state":[129],"detector,":[130],"extrema":[131],"detector":[132],"classifier,":[134],"threshold":[136],"comparator":[137],"an":[140],"embedded":[141],"platform.":[142],"Outdoor":[143],"experiments":[144],"volunteers":[146],"different":[148],"ages":[149],"genders":[151],"at":[153],"variable":[154],"speeds":[155],"showed":[156],"proposed":[159],"detection":[160],"achieves":[162],"up":[163],"98%":[165],"accuracy":[166],"detection.":[169],"obtained":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"be":[181],"used":[182],"steps,":[185],"general":[188],"offers":[189],"possibility":[191],"simplifying":[193],"reducing":[198],"device":[200],"dimensions,":[201],"cost":[203],"its":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
