{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213192587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227655","title":"Challenges and Opportunities of System-Level Prognostics","display_name":"Challenges and Opportunities of System-Level Prognostics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213192587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227655","mag":"3213192587","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34833731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21227655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7655/pdf?version=1637226664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7655/pdf?version=1637226664","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048359989","display_name":"Seokgoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-7736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24456540","display_name":"Korea Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmm0651","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seokgoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-7736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001505783","display_name":"Joo-Ho Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-4491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24456540","display_name":"Korea Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmm0651","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joo-Ho Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-4491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang 10540, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047960213","display_name":"Nam Ho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nam H. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-9749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047960213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.2775,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88003933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"22","first_page":"7655","last_page":"7655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostics","display_name":"Prognostics","score":0.9983417391777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.649483323097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6461532711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.45984044671058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4489641487598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mode-and-effects-analysis","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","score":0.43892234563827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40580880641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.12711575627326965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129364497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042561","display_name":"Prognostics","level":2,"score":0.9983417391777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.649483323097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6461532711982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.45984044671058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4489641487598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66283442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389268","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","level":2,"score":0.43892234563827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40580880641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.12711575627326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21227655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7655/pdf?version=1637226664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34833731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34833731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62a3189b090b49d7b94922b12316c616","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62a3189b090b49d7b94922b12316c616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 22, p 7655 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/22/7655/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 22; Pages: 7655","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8625866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8625866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21227655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227655","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7655/pdf?version=1637226664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1586096387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2020R1A4A4079904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8113201137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A4A4079904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213192587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3213192587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":147,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W298062573","https://openalex.org/W591732527","https://openalex.org/W809430598","https://openalex.org/W1490243398","https://openalex.org/W1540327028","https://openalex.org/W1544437063","https://openalex.org/W1556459174","https://openalex.org/W1563680763","https://openalex.org/W1567451721","https://openalex.org/W1591927876","https://openalex.org/W1965856034","https://openalex.org/W1972591938","https://openalex.org/W1973140301","https://openalex.org/W1974561605","https://openalex.org/W1977132434","https://openalex.org/W1982275278","https://openalex.org/W1982607893","https://openalex.org/W2000743683","https://openalex.org/W2003903839","https://openalex.org/W2006347217","https://openalex.org/W2006572147","https://openalex.org/W2007655149","https://openalex.org/W2007672025","https://openalex.org/W2016131854","https://openalex.org/W2020215991","https://openalex.org/W2020441080","https://openalex.org/W2021101584","https://openalex.org/W2022032527","https://openalex.org/W2028340090","https://openalex.org/W2033800551","https://openalex.org/W2035758829","https://openalex.org/W2036279005","https://openalex.org/W2036394559","https://openalex.org/W2041403689","https://openalex.org/W2041598584","https://openalex.org/W2043779128","https://openalex.org/W2045186954","https://openalex.org/W2051053801","https://openalex.org/W2051196068","https://openalex.org/W2051319254","https://openalex.org/W2055873761","https://openalex.org/W2062613656","https://openalex.org/W2064666683","https://openalex.org/W2065989365","https://openalex.org/W2092023402","https://openalex.org/W2092384586","https://openalex.org/W2096947102","https://openalex.org/W2097956058","https://openalex.org/W2107940281","https://openalex.org/W2110221383","https://openalex.org/W2110787940","https://openalex.org/W2113862810","https://openalex.org/W2117291757","https://openalex.org/W2120841219","https://openalex.org/W2127342270","https://openalex.org/W2134456669","https://openalex.org/W2134788745","https://openalex.org/W2142218574","https://openalex.org/W2148051089","https://openalex.org/W2149809968","https://openalex.org/W2149956719","https://openalex.org/W2155848441","https://openalex.org/W2157621924","https://openalex.org/W2172519734","https://openalex.org/W2338165865","https://openalex.org/W2342726990","https://openalex.org/W2343616414","https://openalex.org/W2344741583","https://openalex.org/W2397632067","https://openalex.org/W2405322854","https://openalex.org/W2415594836","https://openalex.org/W2417319048","https://openalex.org/W2466930957","https://openalex.org/W2535686571","https://openalex.org/W2557573737","https://openalex.org/W2592006626","https://openalex.org/W2593912973","https://openalex.org/W2605523077","https://openalex.org/W2617137613","https://openalex.org/W2624573431","https://openalex.org/W2732499510","https://openalex.org/W2743629318","https://openalex.org/W2744067593","https://openalex.org/W2755382433","https://openalex.org/W2762060515","https://openalex.org/W2763227416","https://openalex.org/W2769663693","https://openalex.org/W2772084711","https://openalex.org/W2772683148","https://openalex.org/W2773549135","https://openalex.org/W2774641295","https://openalex.org/W2782020937","https://openalex.org/W2783065651","https://openalex.org/W2795099492","https://openalex.org/W2800386573","https://openalex.org/W2807119566","https://openalex.org/W2809096770","https://openalex.org/W2810332900","https://openalex.org/W2883319963","https://openalex.org/W2886202751","https://openalex.org/W2888095281","https://openalex.org/W2888944348","https://openalex.org/W2892736377","https://openalex.org/W2896845388","https://openalex.org/W2898735569","https://openalex.org/W2902443160","https://openalex.org/W2903255379","https://openalex.org/W2911616583","https://openalex.org/W2912412749","https://openalex.org/W2914618626","https://openalex.org/W2944287901","https://openalex.org/W2971847217","https://openalex.org/W2980476806","https://openalex.org/W2984416365","https://openalex.org/W3001566134","https://openalex.org/W3003895975","https://openalex.org/W3011501490","https://openalex.org/W3018973156","https://openalex.org/W3025329269","https://openalex.org/W3025333243","https://openalex.org/W3036545762","https://openalex.org/W3041966212","https://openalex.org/W3083458720","https://openalex.org/W3084233697","https://openalex.org/W3118516021","https://openalex.org/W3126562619","https://openalex.org/W3133468499","https://openalex.org/W3135079779","https://openalex.org/W3139170465","https://openalex.org/W3142849300","https://openalex.org/W3144186988","https://openalex.org/W3147894994","https://openalex.org/W3150285998","https://openalex.org/W3151645555","https://openalex.org/W3157106034","https://openalex.org/W3158927361","https://openalex.org/W3161231236","https://openalex.org/W4231903515","https://openalex.org/W4249919990","https://openalex.org/W4288279880","https://openalex.org/W6600574561","https://openalex.org/W6633355566","https://openalex.org/W6651583974","https://openalex.org/W6652303633","https://openalex.org/W6712439010","https://openalex.org/W6749945821","https://openalex.org/W6791910014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2310476526","https://openalex.org/W3213192587","https://openalex.org/W2144291498","https://openalex.org/W2535730979","https://openalex.org/W2557573737","https://openalex.org/W2383842997","https://openalex.org/W2143585755","https://openalex.org/W2126655225","https://openalex.org/W2045854775","https://openalex.org/W4321345507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prognostics":[0],"and":[1,14,25,72,89],"health":[2,66],"management":[3],"(PHM)":[4],"has":[5,21],"become":[6],"an":[7],"essential":[8],"function":[9],"for":[10,52,109],"safe":[11],"system":[12],"operation":[13],"scheduling":[15],"economic":[16],"maintenance.":[17],"To":[18,55],"date,":[19],"there":[20],"been":[22],"much":[23],"research":[24],"publications":[26],"on":[27],"component-level":[28],"prognostics.":[29,54,76],"In":[30],"practice,":[31],"however,":[32],"most":[33],"industrial":[34],"systems":[35,88],"consist":[36],"of":[37,50,78,85,94],"multiple":[38,73],"components":[39],"that":[40],"are":[41,61,81,97,113],"interlinked.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"aims":[45],"to":[46,99],"provide":[47],"a":[48],"review":[49],"approaches":[51,60],"system-level":[53,103,111],"achieve":[56],"this":[57],"goal,":[58],"the":[59,86,102],"grouped":[62],"into":[63],"four":[64],"categories:":[65],"index-based,":[67],"component":[68],"RUL-based,":[69],"influenced":[70],"component-based,":[71],"failure":[74],"mode-based":[75],"Issues":[77],"each":[79],"approach":[80],"presented":[82],"in":[83],"terms":[84],"target":[87],"employed":[90],"algorithms.":[91],"Two":[92],"examples":[93],"PHM":[95],"datasets":[96],"used":[98],"demonstrate":[100],"how":[101],"prognostics":[104,112],"should":[105],"be":[106],"conducted.":[107],"Challenges":[108],"practical":[110],"also":[114],"addressed.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
