{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211575034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227458","title":"A Machine Learning Classification Model for Monitoring the Daily Physical Behaviour of Lower-Limb Amputees","display_name":"A Machine Learning Classification Model for Monitoring the Daily Physical Behaviour of Lower-Limb Amputees","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211575034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227458","mag":"3211575034","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34833534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21227458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227458","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7458/pdf?version=1636905219","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7458/pdf?version=1636905219","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073172727","display_name":"Benjamin Griffiths","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-1838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Griffiths","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067898896","display_name":"Laura Diment","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Diment","raw_affiliation_strings":["People Powered Prosthetic Group, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People Powered Prosthetic Group, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028404323","display_name":"Malcolm Granat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-2760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm H. Granat","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-2760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028404323"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8487,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70263237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"22","first_page":"7458","last_page":"7458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.8744385242462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5309759378433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5172024965286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4835626780986786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sitting","display_name":"Sitting","score":0.480023056268692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47201651334762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4589375853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-monitor","display_name":"Activity monitor","score":0.45889922976493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.45730119943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4083141088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.33778077363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-activity","display_name":"Physical activity","score":0.22517910599708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13532227277755737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.8744385242462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5309759378433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5172024965286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4835626780986786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776370487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144593","display_name":"Sitting","level":2,"score":0.480023056268692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47201651334762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4589375853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018396334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6592648","display_name":"Activity monitor","level":3,"score":0.45889922976493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.45730119943618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4083141088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.33778077363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.22517910599708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13532227277755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072936","descriptor_name":"Fitness Trackers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072936","descriptor_name":"Fitness Trackers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072936","descriptor_name":"Fitness Trackers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072936","descriptor_name":"Fitness Trackers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000674","descriptor_name":"Amputees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21227458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227458","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7458/pdf?version=1636905219","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34833534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34833534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:452924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e885a95537f245ab9c7253249af87ba6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e885a95537f245ab9c7253249af87ba6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 22, p 7458 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/22/7458/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 22; Pages: 7458","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8625063","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8625063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usir.salford.ac.uk:62346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/62346/1/sensors-21-07458.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401501","display_name":"University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","host_organization_name":"University of Salford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21227458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227458","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7458/pdf?version=1636905219","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2304621416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R014213/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8542289546","display_name":"A Step Change in LMIC Prosthetics Provision through Computer Aided Design, Actimetry and Database Technologies","funder_award_id":"EP/R014213/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211575034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211575034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1862880745","https://openalex.org/W1968494986","https://openalex.org/W1983404855","https://openalex.org/W1993761347","https://openalex.org/W1998277485","https://openalex.org/W2037569144","https://openalex.org/W2071365173","https://openalex.org/W2083694112","https://openalex.org/W2085362685","https://openalex.org/W2091024205","https://openalex.org/W2091106212","https://openalex.org/W2122365325","https://openalex.org/W2127127580","https://openalex.org/W2152195551","https://openalex.org/W2163485928","https://openalex.org/W2172245060","https://openalex.org/W2200539030","https://openalex.org/W2346648236","https://openalex.org/W2607278120","https://openalex.org/W2784102242","https://openalex.org/W2896742493","https://openalex.org/W2939071724","https://openalex.org/W2967925186","https://openalex.org/W3013438540","https://openalex.org/W3015505405","https://openalex.org/W3043659342","https://openalex.org/W3044454104","https://openalex.org/W3047499635","https://openalex.org/W3095662393","https://openalex.org/W3103233276","https://openalex.org/W3135946144","https://openalex.org/W4233706204","https://openalex.org/W6705103193","https://openalex.org/W6780944067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765080098","https://openalex.org/W2889302474","https://openalex.org/W2067506415","https://openalex.org/W2789377394","https://openalex.org/W2516748847","https://openalex.org/W3108396701","https://openalex.org/W2619115172","https://openalex.org/W2943223071","https://openalex.org/W2903160227","https://openalex.org/W2807028504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,9],"currently":[2],"limited":[3],"data":[4,99,107,219],"on":[5],"how":[6],"prosthetic":[7,42],"devices":[8,32],"used":[10,154,233,279],"to":[11,23,70,83,155,206,234,264,290,300],"support":[12],"lower-limb":[13,62,301],"prosthesis":[14,263,302],"users":[15],"in":[16,60,147,269,280,288],"their":[17],"free-living":[18],"environment.":[19],"Possessing":[20],"the":[21,38,67,75,141,179,202,249,258,292],"ability":[22],"monitor":[24,125,256],"a":[25,53,61,72,85,101,131,173,209,221,226,262],"patient's":[26],"physical":[27,50,244,266],"behaviour":[28,51,267],"while":[29,130],"using":[30,98,165],"these":[31],"would":[33],"enhance":[34],"our":[35],"understanding":[36],"of":[37,40,88,150,183,214,251,261,295],"impact":[39],"different":[41],"products.":[43],"The":[44,212,275],"current":[45,293],"approaches":[46],"for":[47],"monitoring":[48,298],"human":[49],"use":[52],"single":[54,102,222],"thigh":[55,122],"or":[56],"wrist-worn":[57],"accelerometer,":[58],"but":[59],"amputee":[63,117],"population,":[64],"we":[65],"have":[66,283],"unique":[68],"opportunity":[69],"embed":[71],"device":[73],"within":[74],"prosthesis,":[76],"eliminating":[77],"compliance":[78],"issues.":[79],"This":[80,246],"study":[81,216,282],"aimed":[82],"develop":[84],"model":[86,230],"capable":[87],"accurately":[89,235],"classifying":[90],"postures":[91,237],"(sitting,":[92],"standing,":[93],"stepping,":[94],"and":[95,115,140,153,188,191,272,277],"lying)":[96],"by":[97,164],"from":[100,110,220],"shank-worn":[103,210,223],"accelerometer.":[104],"Free-living":[105],"posture":[106,128,198],"were":[108,145,162],"collected":[109,126,135],"14":[111],"anatomically":[112],"intact":[113],"participants":[114],"one":[116],"over":[118],"three":[119],"days.":[120],"A":[121,168],"worn":[123,133],"activity":[124,255,297],"labelled":[127],"data,":[129],"shank":[132,143,259],"accelerometer":[134,224],"3-axis":[136],"acceleration":[137],"data.":[138],"Postures":[139],"corresponding":[142],"accelerations":[144],"extracted":[146],"window":[148,176],"lengths":[149],"5-180":[151],"s":[152,175],"train":[156],"several":[157],"machine":[158,227],"learning":[159,228],"classifiers":[160],"which":[161,200],"assessed":[163],"stratified":[166],"cross-validation.":[167],"random":[169],"forest":[170],"classifier":[171],"with":[172,208,225],"15":[174],"length":[177],"provided":[178],"highest":[180],"classification":[181,193,229],"accuracy":[182,194],"93%":[184],"weighted":[185],"average":[186],"F-score":[187],"between":[189],"88":[190],"98%":[192],"across":[195],"all":[196],"four":[197],"classes,":[199],"is":[201],"best":[203],"performance":[204],"achieved":[205],"date":[207],"device.":[211],"results":[213],"this":[215,281],"show":[217],"that":[218,238],"can":[231],"be":[232],"identify":[236],"make":[239],"up":[240,248],"an":[241,253],"individual's":[242],"daily":[243],"behaviour.":[245],"opens":[247],"possibility":[250],"embedding":[252],"accelerometer-based":[254],"into":[257],"component":[260],"capture":[265],"information":[268],"both":[270],"above":[271],"below-knee":[273],"amputees.":[274],"models":[276],"software":[278],"been":[284],"made":[285],"open":[286],"source":[287],"order":[289],"overcome":[291],"restrictions":[294],"applying":[296],"methods":[299],"users.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}