{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208267878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217174","title":"Quality Control Approach for the Detection of Internal Lower Density Areas in Composite Disks in Industrial Conditions Based on a Combination of NDT Techniques","display_name":"Quality Control Approach for the Detection of Internal Lower Density Areas in Composite Disks in Industrial Conditions Based on a Combination of NDT Techniques","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208267878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217174","mag":"3208267878","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217174","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7174/pdf?version=1635489645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7174/pdf?version=1635489645","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058959759","display_name":"Andrzej Katunin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-5104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Katunin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-5104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005761455","display_name":"Krzysztof Dragan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-227X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126081","display_name":"Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych","ror":"https://ror.org/0410xnr11","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126081"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Dragan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Airworthiness, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ks. Boles\u0142awa 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Airworthiness, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ks. Boles\u0142awa 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065662532","display_name":"Tomasz Nowak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-0439"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Nowak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hitachi ABB Power Grids, Pawia 7, 31-154 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitachi ABB Power Grids, Pawia 7, 31-154 Krak\u00f3w, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042336382","display_name":"Marek Chalimoniuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8950-4437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126081","display_name":"Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych","ror":"https://ror.org/0410xnr11","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126081"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Chalimoniuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aircraft Engines Division, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ks. Boles\u0142awa 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8950-4437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aircraft Engines Division, Air Force Institute of Technology, Ks. Boles\u0142awa 6, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058959759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81237792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"21","first_page":"7174","last_page":"7174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.9276781678199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermography","display_name":"Thermography","score":0.8737225532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-testing","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","score":0.5617774128913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.44927653670310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.44225892424583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.382181316614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.37989455461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3455427289009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.3411110043525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3304494619369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.275382399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.21543633937835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.20340263843536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09730440378189087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.9276781678199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624587","display_name":"Thermography","level":3,"score":0.8737225532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139730468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779355","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","level":3,"score":0.5617774128913879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44927653670310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.44225892424583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.382181316614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37989455461502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3455427289009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3411110043525696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3304494619369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.275382399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.21543633937835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.20340263843536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09730440378189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217174","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7174/pdf?version=1635489645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34770480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:79fe14487ca5432aa69a268fbf0c7f2f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/79fe14487ca5432aa69a268fbf0c7f2f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 21, p 7174 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/21/7174/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 21; Pages: 7174","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8587112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8587112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217174","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7174/pdf?version=1635489645","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324727","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208267878.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208267878.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13206065","https://openalex.org/W115978284","https://openalex.org/W1169778357","https://openalex.org/W1536283017","https://openalex.org/W1829645435","https://openalex.org/W1970378598","https://openalex.org/W1977642515","https://openalex.org/W1987576086","https://openalex.org/W1992558609","https://openalex.org/W2000809240","https://openalex.org/W2018440696","https://openalex.org/W2018806923","https://openalex.org/W2022686968","https://openalex.org/W2022715899","https://openalex.org/W2024252141","https://openalex.org/W2026311994","https://openalex.org/W2034226124","https://openalex.org/W2036405241","https://openalex.org/W2037238396","https://openalex.org/W2039017600","https://openalex.org/W2041584853","https://openalex.org/W2052255254","https://openalex.org/W2053588125","https://openalex.org/W2055532178","https://openalex.org/W2055691152","https://openalex.org/W2059855393","https://openalex.org/W2062149025","https://openalex.org/W2074935613","https://openalex.org/W2085895864","https://openalex.org/W2086796947","https://openalex.org/W2094344373","https://openalex.org/W2123920417","https://openalex.org/W2130402976","https://openalex.org/W2199166256","https://openalex.org/W2287629241","https://openalex.org/W2328471780","https://openalex.org/W2337083997","https://openalex.org/W2373804756","https://openalex.org/W2432395723","https://openalex.org/W2510214914","https://openalex.org/W2535406662","https://openalex.org/W2595387105","https://openalex.org/W2612039764","https://openalex.org/W2740469555","https://openalex.org/W2782560659","https://openalex.org/W2803776963","https://openalex.org/W2810489813","https://openalex.org/W2811290625","https://openalex.org/W2811422797","https://openalex.org/W2821546918","https://openalex.org/W2901703718","https://openalex.org/W2906437823","https://openalex.org/W2924039093","https://openalex.org/W2938464698","https://openalex.org/W2940477374","https://openalex.org/W2944825605","https://openalex.org/W2954881984","https://openalex.org/W2960742722","https://openalex.org/W2962731126","https://openalex.org/W2982272461","https://openalex.org/W2983859391","https://openalex.org/W2998536866","https://openalex.org/W3000694825","https://openalex.org/W3005748601","https://openalex.org/W3034437448","https://openalex.org/W3082440009","https://openalex.org/W3084840757","https://openalex.org/W3085140663","https://openalex.org/W3090175790","https://openalex.org/W3103428528","https://openalex.org/W3108321582","https://openalex.org/W3125515093","https://openalex.org/W3135469097","https://openalex.org/W3149686684","https://openalex.org/W3170116975","https://openalex.org/W6703889268","https://openalex.org/W6728178725","https://openalex.org/W6756045469","https://openalex.org/W6774038201","https://openalex.org/W6786348373","https://openalex.org/W6884898011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994919662","https://openalex.org/W3041672627","https://openalex.org/W346129553","https://openalex.org/W4283209813","https://openalex.org/W4226305447","https://openalex.org/W2353087477","https://openalex.org/W1979671329","https://openalex.org/W2028943086","https://openalex.org/W2571943642","https://openalex.org/W2348223506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voids":[0],"in":[1,80,103],"polymer":[2],"matrix":[3],"composites":[4,28],"are":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,22,27,49,75,83,105,113,118,129,158,168,179],"the":[8,16,23,55,61,81,84,114,116,119,127,130,137,142,145,183,191],"most":[9],"common":[10],"manufacturing":[11,31],"defects,":[12],"which":[13,69],"may":[14],"influence":[15],"mechanical":[17],"properties":[18],"and":[19,41,46,108,123,126,134,166,171],"structural":[20],"behavior":[21],"final":[24],"parts":[25],"made":[26],"by":[29],"various":[30,58],"methods.":[32],"Therefore,":[33],"numerous":[34],"non-destructive":[35],"testing":[36,48,74,100,120,173,185],"(NDT)":[37],"techniques":[38],"were":[39,101,132],"developed":[40],"applied":[42],"for":[43,72,189],"quality":[44,112,153],"control":[45],"in-service":[47],"such":[50],"structures.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"authors":[56,146],"analyzed":[57,102,133],"alternatives":[59],"to":[60,152],"reference":[62,138],"technique,":[63],"X-ray":[64],"computed":[65],"tomography":[66],"(XCT)":[67],"NDT,":[68],"is":[70],"used":[71],"industrial":[73],"composite":[76],"disks":[77],"having":[78],"defects":[79],"form":[82],"lower":[85],"density":[86],"areas.":[87],"Different":[88],"candidates,":[89],"namely:":[90],"vibration-based":[91],"testing,":[92],"infrared":[93],"thermography,":[94],"vibro-thermography,":[95],"as":[96,98],"well":[97],"ultrasonic":[99,172],"terms":[104],"their":[106],"sensitivity":[107],"technical":[109],"feasibility.":[110],"The":[111],"results,":[115],"complexity":[117],"procedure,":[121],"time":[122],"labor":[124],"consumption,":[125],"cost":[128],"equipment":[131],"compared":[135],"with":[136,195],"technique.":[139],"Based":[140],"on":[141],"conducted":[143],"research":[144],"finally":[147],"proposed":[148],"a":[149,156,175,196],"hybrid":[150],"approach":[151],"control,":[154],"using":[155],"combination":[157],"two":[159],"NDT":[160],"techniques-infrared":[161],"thermography":[162],"(for":[163,174],"initial":[164],"scanning":[165],"detection":[167],"near-surface":[169],"defects)":[170],"more":[176],"detailed":[177],"analysis":[178],"products":[180],"that":[181],"pass":[182],"first":[184],"procedure).":[186],"It":[187],"allowed":[188],"replacing":[190],"costly":[192],"XCT":[193],"diagnostics":[194],"much":[197],"cheaper,":[198],"but":[199],"almost":[200],"equally":[201],"effective,":[202],"alternative.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}