{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210636417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217113","title":"Weather Sensing in an Urban Environment with the Use of a UAV and WebRTC-Based Platform: A Pilot Study","display_name":"Weather Sensing in an Urban Environment with the Use of a UAV and WebRTC-Based Platform: A Pilot Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210636417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217113","mag":"3210636417","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7113/pdf?version=1635387039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7113/pdf?version=1635387039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013746586","display_name":"Agnieszka Chodorek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-9426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169109204","display_name":"Kielce University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zywja13","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnieszka Chodorek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Kielce University of Technology, Al. 1000-Lecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-9426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Kielce University of Technology, Al. 1000-Lecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090025237","display_name":"Robert R. Chodorek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Ryszard Chodorek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, The AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-5093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, The AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069697261","display_name":"Alexander Yastrebov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3260-8462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169109204","display_name":"Kielce University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zywja13","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Yastrebov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Kielce University of Technology, Al. 1000-Lecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3260-8462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Kielce University of Technology, Al. 1000-Lecia P.P. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169109204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090025237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2819,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77276408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"21","first_page":"7113","last_page":"7113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9661999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-station","display_name":"Weather station","score":0.7880929112434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-weather-observation","display_name":"Surface weather observation","score":0.7714294195175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-weather-station","display_name":"Automatic weather station","score":0.610397458076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.601620078086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5876743793487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-forecasting","display_name":"Weather forecasting","score":0.5748957395553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5074872374534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-radar","display_name":"Weather radar","score":0.4749481976032257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45364782214164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.16562199592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15449056029319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13060235977172852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777129202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190107","display_name":"Weather station","level":2,"score":0.7880929112434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138410489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478751","display_name":"Surface weather observation","level":3,"score":0.7714294195175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846837","display_name":"Automatic weather station","level":2,"score":0.610397458076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.601620078086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5876743793487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.5748957395553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5074872374534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92237259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863343","display_name":"Weather radar","level":3,"score":0.4749481976032257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45364782214164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.16562199592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15449056029319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13060235977172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7113/pdf?version=1635387039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34770420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5fabf5d64e744bb83ceb4578e002c12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5fabf5d64e744bb83ceb4578e002c12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 21, p 7113 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/21/7113/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 21; Pages: 7113","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8586944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8586944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217113","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7113/pdf?version=1635387039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210636417.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210636417.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W797935685","https://openalex.org/W2022193520","https://openalex.org/W2039272251","https://openalex.org/W2090113163","https://openalex.org/W2128342347","https://openalex.org/W2128474458","https://openalex.org/W2130794122","https://openalex.org/W2176835702","https://openalex.org/W2196101047","https://openalex.org/W2199719449","https://openalex.org/W2213102374","https://openalex.org/W2463753508","https://openalex.org/W2609280615","https://openalex.org/W2743058221","https://openalex.org/W2755136026","https://openalex.org/W2799318227","https://openalex.org/W2807164627","https://openalex.org/W2810053588","https://openalex.org/W2811126700","https://openalex.org/W2887926872","https://openalex.org/W2903163577","https://openalex.org/W2942377185","https://openalex.org/W2950604226","https://openalex.org/W2969433616","https://openalex.org/W2971057457","https://openalex.org/W2995580751","https://openalex.org/W2999413010","https://openalex.org/W3003593406","https://openalex.org/W3007910312","https://openalex.org/W3015168027","https://openalex.org/W3047689326","https://openalex.org/W3132647900","https://openalex.org/W3134745554","https://openalex.org/W3137515783","https://openalex.org/W3144078676","https://openalex.org/W3154522974","https://openalex.org/W3164016092","https://openalex.org/W3172468105","https://openalex.org/W3175784015","https://openalex.org/W3183793874","https://openalex.org/W3199396151","https://openalex.org/W6622742362","https://openalex.org/W6800787581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889262578","https://openalex.org/W2352609165","https://openalex.org/W2413991712","https://openalex.org/W2249396520","https://openalex.org/W3154522974","https://openalex.org/W2854537890","https://openalex.org/W2172309156","https://openalex.org/W2369191520","https://openalex.org/W2807911928","https://openalex.org/W4388449769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thanks":[0],"to":[1,12,168,179],"IoT,":[2],"Internet":[3],"access,":[4],"and":[5,75,85,116,191],"low-cost":[6,207],"sensors,":[7],"it":[8],"has":[9,48],"become":[10],"possible":[11],"increase":[13],"the":[14,21,24,33,95,158,173,180,185,194,201],"number":[15],"of":[16,23,26,35,62,103],"weather":[17,30,40,56,64,71,81,105,109,130,149,154,160,169,175,181,189,203],"measuring":[18],"points;":[19],"hence,":[20],"density":[22],"deployment":[25],"sources":[27],"that":[28,58,66,153],"provide":[29],"data":[31,155,170],"for":[32,38],"needs":[34],"large":[36],"recipients,":[37],"example,":[39],"web":[41],"services":[42],"or":[43],"smart":[44],"city":[45],"management":[46],"systems,":[47],"also":[49],"increased.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"presents":[53],"a":[54,86,100,114,141,165],"flying":[55,108,129,159],"station":[57,110,131,161],"carries":[59],"out":[60],"measurements":[61,96],"two":[63],"factors":[65],"are":[67,97],"typically":[68],"included":[69,80,88],"in":[70,121,134,184],"stations":[72,182,190,204],"(ambient":[73],"temperature":[74],"relative":[76],"humidity),":[77],"an":[78],"often":[79],"factor":[82],"(atmospheric":[83],"pressure),":[84],"rarely":[87],"one":[89],"(ultraviolet":[90],"index).":[91],"In":[92],"our":[93,122],"solution,":[94],"supplemented":[98],"with":[99],"visual":[101],"observation":[102],"present":[104],"phenomena.":[106],"The":[107,125],"is":[111],"built":[112],"on":[113,144,206],"UAV":[115],"WebRTC-based":[117],"universal":[118],"platform":[119],"proposed":[120,195],"previous":[123],"paper.":[124],"complete,":[126],"fully":[127],"operational":[128],"was":[132],"evaluated":[133],"field":[135],"studies.":[136],"Experiments":[137],"were":[138,162],"conducted":[139],"during":[140],"6-month":[142],"period":[143],"days":[145],"having":[146],"noticeably":[147],"different":[148],"conditions.":[150],"Results":[151],"show":[152],"coming":[156],"from":[157,172],"equal":[163],"(with":[164],"good":[166],"approximation)":[167],"obtained":[171],"reference":[174],"station.":[176],"When":[177],"compared":[178],"described":[183],"literature":[186],"(both":[187],"stationary":[188],"mobile":[192],"ones),":[193],"solution":[196],"achieved":[197],"better":[198],"accuracy":[199],"than":[200],"other":[202],"based":[205],"sensors.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}