{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208930331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217097","title":"The Vulnerability of the Power Grid Structure: A System Analysis Based on Complex Network Theory","display_name":"The Vulnerability of the Power Grid Structure: A System Analysis Based on Complex Network Theory","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208930331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217097","mag":"3208930331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217097","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7097/pdf?version=1635825054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7097/pdf?version=1635825054","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100871373","display_name":"Banghua Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Banghua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054774205","display_name":"Xiaoge Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoge Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082622285","display_name":"Liulin Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liulin Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624434","display_name":"Weiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2660-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2660-5492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082622285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5747,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83605693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"21","first_page":"7097","last_page":"7097"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.8224213123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.7175297737121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6212280988693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.5775444507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-weather","display_name":"Extreme weather","score":0.5605885982513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.551295816898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5450298190116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5352391004562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5280802249908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.49341168999671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.45937928557395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4371464252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4184434711933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.40865421295166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3920244872570038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28811097145080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22563380002975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16676390171051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.13017868995666504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.8224213123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7175297737121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6212280988693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.5775444507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205537798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Extreme weather","level":3,"score":0.5605885982513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.551295816898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5450298190116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5352391004562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5280802249908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49341168999671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.45937928557395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4371464252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4184434711933136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.40865421295166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3920244872570038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28811097145080566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22563380002975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16676390171051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.13017868995666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013597","descriptor_name":"Systems Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013597","descriptor_name":"Systems Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013597","descriptor_name":"Systems Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217097","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7097/pdf?version=1635825054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34770403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f46ffc86b9648bb9fc0f86ba87f2c5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7f46ffc86b9648bb9fc0f86ba87f2c5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 21, p 7097 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/21/7097/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 21; Pages: 7097","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8587080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8587080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217097","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7097/pdf?version=1635825054","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208930331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3208930331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W775021449","https://openalex.org/W1529547156","https://openalex.org/W1599521977","https://openalex.org/W1940227326","https://openalex.org/W1968686485","https://openalex.org/W1981077557","https://openalex.org/W1999314426","https://openalex.org/W2000779200","https://openalex.org/W2001263257","https://openalex.org/W2006185752","https://openalex.org/W2019780681","https://openalex.org/W2041321845","https://openalex.org/W2041610233","https://openalex.org/W2065769502","https://openalex.org/W2072598268","https://openalex.org/W2076864059","https://openalex.org/W2082050615","https://openalex.org/W2083638266","https://openalex.org/W2084426671","https://openalex.org/W2087578114","https://openalex.org/W2088621938","https://openalex.org/W2107171001","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2113146118","https://openalex.org/W2139717713","https://openalex.org/W2163283662","https://openalex.org/W2171703623","https://openalex.org/W2201208676","https://openalex.org/W2277817011","https://openalex.org/W2293180331","https://openalex.org/W2326634955","https://openalex.org/W2342898371","https://openalex.org/W2344370505","https://openalex.org/W2354591407","https://openalex.org/W2378385472","https://openalex.org/W2381162371","https://openalex.org/W2384160040","https://openalex.org/W2392109819","https://openalex.org/W2393170010","https://openalex.org/W2410209997","https://openalex.org/W2553476804","https://openalex.org/W2563549948","https://openalex.org/W2590207545","https://openalex.org/W2616591171","https://openalex.org/W2765882934","https://openalex.org/W2793429321","https://openalex.org/W2795644806","https://openalex.org/W2800299140","https://openalex.org/W2804851328","https://openalex.org/W2900629100","https://openalex.org/W2913820977","https://openalex.org/W2942311670","https://openalex.org/W2966364595","https://openalex.org/W3004190989","https://openalex.org/W3049720571","https://openalex.org/W3099975916","https://openalex.org/W3103071483","https://openalex.org/W3128453962","https://openalex.org/W3141297871","https://openalex.org/W3156799282","https://openalex.org/W3165884139","https://openalex.org/W3171249365","https://openalex.org/W3172874036","https://openalex.org/W6668723289","https://openalex.org/W6738293990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194863767","https://openalex.org/W2118408448","https://openalex.org/W2392442953","https://openalex.org/W2540176670","https://openalex.org/W2379557669","https://openalex.org/W2141132096","https://openalex.org/W2075683121","https://openalex.org/W2951870518","https://openalex.org/W4379984118","https://openalex.org/W4301211888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"safety":[1],"and":[2,16,32,45,117,157,178,208,244,251],"reliability":[3,264],"of":[4,22,67,168,172,187,191,194,231,234,237,255,265],"the":[5,26,55,65,73,91,101,127,148,158,169,173,184,188,195,218,229,253,263,266],"power":[6,12,36,56,75,103,149,174,196,238,259,267],"grid":[7,37,57,150,175,197,239,260],"are":[8],"related":[9],"to":[10,52,99,113,123,146,183],"national":[11],"security,":[13],"economic":[14],"development":[15],"people's":[17],"daily":[18],"life.":[19],"occurrence":[21],"extreme":[23,85,115,131,155,202,242,256],"weather":[24,116,203],"changes":[25],"external":[27],"environment":[28],"greatly.":[29],"Including":[30],"generators":[31],"transmission":[33],"lines,":[34],"many":[35],"units":[38,51,69,240],"cannot":[39],"resist":[40],"such":[41],"a":[42,61,119],"huge":[43],"attack":[44,160],"get":[46],"damaged":[47],"easily,":[48],"which":[49,215,261],"forces":[50],"quit":[53],"from":[54],"running":[58],"system":[59,76,212],"for":[60,249],"while.":[62],"Furthermore,":[63],"if":[64],"number":[66],"influenced":[68],"is":[70,97],"high":[71],"enough,":[72],"whole":[74],"will":[77],"be":[78,111],"destroyed":[79],"by":[80,84,130],"cascading":[81,92,192,235],"failure":[82,93,193,236],"caused":[83,129],"weather.":[86],"Aiming":[87],"at":[88],"dealing":[89],"with":[90],"emergencies,":[94],"this":[95,138,140,164,224],"paper":[96,141,165,225],"trying":[98],"improve":[100],"traditional":[102],"structural":[104,219],"vulnerability":[105,220],"model":[106,122,177,198],"so":[107],"that":[108,217],"it":[109],"can":[110,226,245],"used":[112],"discuss":[114],"propose":[118],"theoretical":[120,247],"topological":[121],"help":[124],"scholars":[125],"measure":[126],"damage":[128],"cases.":[132],"Based":[133],"on":[134,258],"previous":[135],"research":[136],"in":[137,223],"field,":[139],"utilizes":[142],"complex":[143],"network":[144],"knowledge":[145],"build":[147],"topology":[151,176],"model.":[152],"Then,":[153],"considering":[154],"cases":[156,257],"three":[159],"modes":[161],"simulation":[162],"process,":[163],"makes":[166],"use":[167],"characteristic":[170],"parameters":[171],"designs":[179],"an":[180],"algorithm,":[181],"according":[182],"realistic":[185],"situation":[186],"propagation":[189],"mechanism":[190,230],"as":[199,201,213],"well":[200],"research.":[204],"Finally,":[205],"taking":[206],"IEEE-30":[207],"IEEE-118":[209],"node":[210],"bus":[211],"examples,":[214],"shows":[216],"method":[221],"proposed":[222],"properly":[227],"address":[228],"unbalanced":[232],"load":[233],"under":[241],"conditions":[243],"provide":[246],"reference":[248],"preventing":[250],"reducing":[252],"impact":[254],"improves":[262],"grid.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}