{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209160392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217062","title":"Model Test Study on Deformation of Snowflake Shaped Steel Sheet Pile Based on OFDR","display_name":"Model Test Study on Deformation of Snowflake Shaped Steel Sheet Pile Based on OFDR","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209160392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217062","mag":"3209160392","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7062/pdf?version=1635157324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7062/pdf?version=1635157324","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101705299","display_name":"Lei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1234-1673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112444787","display_name":"Zhongquan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongquan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418272","display_name":"Quan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-442X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102008959","display_name":"Zhenlei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4987-3529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenlei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435597","display_name":"Ping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1351-8956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101705299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.012,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76139897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"21","first_page":"7062","last_page":"7062"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pile","display_name":"Pile","score":0.6700156331062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flange","display_name":"Flange","score":0.6146216988563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.6070095300674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sheet-pile","display_name":"Sheet pile","score":0.47736024856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4376162588596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.42226895689964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30358782410621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.28320297598838806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119560385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193850","display_name":"Pile","level":2,"score":0.6700156331062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778417280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q955957","display_name":"Flange","level":2,"score":0.6146216988563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6070095300674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991833606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076291","display_name":"Sheet pile","level":3,"score":0.47736024856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4376162588596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.42226895689964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30358782410621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.28320297598838806}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7062/pdf?version=1635157324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34770368","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:66fcba1bfe824306859f8b5d27c1f484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/66fcba1bfe824306859f8b5d27c1f484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 21, p 7062 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/21/7062/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 21; Pages: 7062","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8588309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8588309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217062","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7062/pdf?version=1635157324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2529639915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.52027812","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4231867468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210204020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325564","funder_display_name":"Hohai University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4299719222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52027812","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4640112340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210204020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5006540465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210202047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5880100409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210202047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7052213539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B210204020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325564","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209160392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209160392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060029222","https://openalex.org/W2068778093","https://openalex.org/W2407746226","https://openalex.org/W2414148030","https://openalex.org/W2566106107","https://openalex.org/W2582472157","https://openalex.org/W2607982385","https://openalex.org/W2765483140","https://openalex.org/W2801633631","https://openalex.org/W2888609449","https://openalex.org/W2889288870","https://openalex.org/W2900513564","https://openalex.org/W2901757136","https://openalex.org/W2913544159","https://openalex.org/W2951669099","https://openalex.org/W2996569099","https://openalex.org/W3137013935","https://openalex.org/W3138047002","https://openalex.org/W3158491655","https://openalex.org/W6733079097","https://openalex.org/W6763896287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079089822","https://openalex.org/W2069276162","https://openalex.org/W2330046996","https://openalex.org/W2385970752","https://openalex.org/W2360270064","https://openalex.org/W2769011817","https://openalex.org/W2358998696","https://openalex.org/W2362662511","https://openalex.org/W2523136448","https://openalex.org/W2369499744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,26,61],"newly":[2],"developed":[3],"pile":[4,11,41,59,102,147,166,197],"foundation,":[5],"the":[6,37,44,51,54,80,84,94,129,138,141,150,153,156,159,172,175,183,186,193,196,200],"snowflake":[7,55,85,98,132,144,163],"shaped":[8,56,86,99],"steel":[9,57,87,100,133,145,164],"sheet":[10,58,88,101,134,146,165],"is":[12,167,181,203],"composed":[13],"of":[14,22,40,47,83,97,131,143,152,158,162,195],"three":[15],"Y-shaped":[16],"sections":[17],"with":[18,72],"an":[19],"included":[20],"angle":[21],"120\u00b0":[23],"and":[24,42,67,179,190,192],"has":[25,60,69],"large":[27],"specific":[28],"surface":[29],"area,":[30],"which":[31],"can":[32,126],"give":[33],"full":[34],"play":[35],"to":[36,77],"side":[38],"friction":[39],"improve":[43],"bearing":[45],"capacity":[46],"single":[48],"pile.":[49],"At":[50],"same":[52,160,184],"time,":[53],"high":[62],"strength,":[63],"relatively":[64],"few":[65],"materials,":[66],"it":[68],"good":[70],"prospects":[71],"engineering":[73],"applications.":[74],"In":[75],"order":[76],"accurately":[78],"grasp":[79],"mechanical":[81],"characteristics":[82],"pile,":[89],"this":[90],"paper":[91],"carried":[92],"out":[93],"model":[95],"test":[96],"based":[103],"on":[104,199],"OFDR":[105,120],"(optical":[106],"frequency":[107],"domain":[108],"reflector)":[109],"distributed":[110,121],"optical":[111,122],"fiber":[112,123],"sensor":[113],"technology.":[114],"The":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that:":[118],"(1)":[119],"sensing":[124],"technology":[125],"effectively":[127],"monitor":[128],"strain":[130,142,157,173,194],"pile;":[135,154],"(2)":[136],"under":[137],"vertical":[139],"load,":[140],"decreases":[148],"along":[149],"length":[151],"(3)":[155],"section":[161],"different":[168,170],"at":[169,174],"positions,":[171],"junction":[176,187],"between":[177,188],"web":[178,180,189],"basically":[182],"as":[185],"flange,":[191],"shaft":[198],"flange":[201],"edge":[202],"larger.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
