{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210673590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217049","title":"Detection of Dental Apical Lesions Using CNNs on Periapical Radiograph","display_name":"Detection of Dental Apical Lesions Using CNNs on Periapical Radiograph","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210673590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217049","mag":"3210673590","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7049/pdf?version=1635427364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7049/pdf?version=1635427364","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766916","display_name":"Chun-Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4602-1504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020100970","display_name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02verss31","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062637484","display_name":"Szu\u2010Yin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-0466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75430998","display_name":"National Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01npf0s58","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Szu-Yin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan City 260, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan City 260, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006096833","display_name":"He-Sheng Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He-Sheng Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014438110","display_name":"Tsung\u2010Yi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5964-6084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Yi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400896","display_name":"Yuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2278-6716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-An Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100739947","display_name":"Shengyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-7893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343746","display_name":"Yulin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-6056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Lin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087990042","display_name":"Chiung-An Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12213908","display_name":"Ming Chi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xgh4d03","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12213908"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chiung-An Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12213908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022381055","display_name":"Yen-Cheng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-2824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020100970","display_name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02verss31","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Cheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025762419","display_name":"Shih\u2010Lun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-9350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Lun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Internet of Things and Intelligent Cloud, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Internet of Things and Intelligent Cloud, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011619587","display_name":"Yi-Cheng Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020100970","display_name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02verss31","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Cheng Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020100970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020307002","display_name":"Patricia Angela R. Abu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-6644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19722","display_name":"Ateneo de Manila University","ror":"https://ror.org/053kevk63","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19722"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Angela R. Abu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Computer Science, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057907488","display_name":"Wei-Yuan Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5158-0031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094216","display_name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00k575643","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094216","https://openalex.org/I4210128167"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Yuan Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020233852","display_name":"Wen-Shen Lo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Shen Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Internet of Things and Intelligent Cloud, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Internet of Things and Intelligent Cloud, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025762419","https://openalex.org/A5062637484","https://openalex.org/A5087990042"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12213908","https://openalex.org/I151221077","https://openalex.org/I75430998"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.1629,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98752178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"21","first_page":"7049","last_page":"7049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.654639482498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6429885029792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.639819324016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5691677927970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-filter","display_name":"Gaussian filter","score":0.4900549650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4807019829750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.47544360160827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4288941025733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41365015506744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3513241410255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.33305883407592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24324935674667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.17021101713180542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.654639482498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6429885029792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.639819324016571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5691677927970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.4900549650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4807019829750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.47544360160827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4288941025733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41365015506744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3513241410255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33305883407592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24324935674667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.17021101713180542}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014070","descriptor_name":"Tooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014070","descriptor_name":"Tooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014070","descriptor_name":"Tooth","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7049/pdf?version=1635427364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34770356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd261695f058410fb798223364d76d80","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd261695f058410fb798223364d76d80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 21, p 7049 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/21/7049/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 21; Pages: 7049","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8588190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8588190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21217049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217049","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7049/pdf?version=1635427364","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210673590.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210673590.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164800462","https://openalex.org/W1547714734","https://openalex.org/W1977257289","https://openalex.org/W2039843429","https://openalex.org/W2060476637","https://openalex.org/W2067437949","https://openalex.org/W2094114083","https://openalex.org/W2095220471","https://openalex.org/W2098882374","https://openalex.org/W2140186213","https://openalex.org/W2275706056","https://openalex.org/W2324440847","https://openalex.org/W2553491325","https://openalex.org/W2622082996","https://openalex.org/W2736205649","https://openalex.org/W2790780531","https://openalex.org/W2798730286","https://openalex.org/W2805320571","https://openalex.org/W2806443522","https://openalex.org/W2809324239","https://openalex.org/W2908875379","https://openalex.org/W2949870058","https://openalex.org/W2966309635","https://openalex.org/W2981752454","https://openalex.org/W2999494042","https://openalex.org/W3011998693","https://openalex.org/W3018821700","https://openalex.org/W3025576489","https://openalex.org/W3033221365","https://openalex.org/W3044073403","https://openalex.org/W3108718921","https://openalex.org/W3108776516","https://openalex.org/W3127748371","https://openalex.org/W3136520784","https://openalex.org/W3182861325","https://openalex.org/W6674728562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W4312766348","https://openalex.org/W4233939244","https://openalex.org/W4323287533","https://openalex.org/W4205367280","https://openalex.org/W2945304477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Apical":[0],"lesions,":[1],"the":[2,37,52,61,69,83,89,104,131,144,151,158,176,193,201,212,221,224,233,236,243,254,258],"general":[3],"term":[4],"for":[5,49,128,206,217,229],"chronic":[6],"infectious":[7],"diseases,":[8],"are":[9,18,196],"very":[10],"common":[11],"dental":[12],"diseases":[13],"in":[14],"modern":[15],"life,":[16],"and":[17,73,91,110,219,231],"caused":[19],"by":[20,147,163],"various":[21],"factors.":[22],"The":[23,185,238,249],"current":[24],"prevailing":[25],"endodontic":[26],"treatment":[27],"makes":[28],"use":[29],"of":[30,187,211,235,242,257],"X-ray":[31,177],"photography":[32],"taken":[33],"from":[34],"patients":[35],"where":[36],"lesion":[38,113],"area":[39,114],"is":[40,44,161,172,215,227,247],"marked":[41],"manually,":[42],"which":[43],"therefore":[45],"time":[46],"consuming.":[47],"Additionally,":[48],"some":[50],"images":[51,190],"significant":[53],"details":[54],"might":[55],"not":[56],"be":[57,78],"recognizable":[58],"due":[59],"to":[60,81,85,174],"different":[62],"shooting":[63],"angles":[64],"or":[65,99],"doses.":[66],"To":[67,102],"make":[68],"diagnosis":[70,240,256],"process":[71],"shorter":[72],"efficient,":[74],"repetitive":[75],"tasks":[76],"should":[77],"performed":[79],"automatically":[80],"allow":[82],"dentists":[84,148],"focus":[86],"more":[87],"on":[88,118],"technical":[90],"medical":[92,100],"diagnosis,":[93,106],"such":[94],"as":[95,198],"treatment,":[96],"tooth":[97,182,189],"cleaning,":[98],"communication.":[101],"realize":[103],"automatic":[105,255],"this":[107,156],"article":[108],"proposes":[109],"establishes":[111],"a":[112,125,164],"analysis":[115],"model":[116,205,222,246,251],"based":[117],"convolutional":[119],"neural":[120],"networks":[121],"(CNN).":[122],"For":[123],"establishing":[124],"standardized":[126],"database":[127,145,195,214],"clinical":[129,153],"application,":[130],"Institutional":[132],"Review":[133],"Board":[134],"(IRB)":[135],"with":[136,143],"application":[137],"number":[138],"202002030B0":[139],"has":[140],"been":[141],"approved":[142],"established":[146],"who":[149],"provided":[150],"practical":[152,239],"data.":[154],"In":[155],"study,":[157],"image":[159,178,194,213],"data":[160],"preprocessed":[162],"Gaussian":[165],"high-pass":[166],"filter.":[167],"Then,":[168],"an":[169],"iterative":[170],"thresholding":[171],"applied":[173],"slice":[175],"into":[179,200],"several":[180],"individual":[181,188],"sample":[183],"images.":[184],"collection":[186],"that":[191],"comprises":[192],"used":[197,216,228],"input":[199],"CNN":[202,245],"migration":[203],"learning":[204],"training.":[207],"Seventy":[208],"percent":[209],"(70%)":[210],"training":[218],"validating":[220],"while":[223],"remaining":[225],"30%":[226],"testing":[230],"estimating":[232],"accuracy":[234,241],"model.":[237],"proposed":[244,250],"92.5%.":[248],"successfully":[252],"facilitated":[253],"apical":[259],"lesion.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}