{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207460298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206894","title":"Temperature Prediction Using Multivariate Time Series Deep Learning in the Lining of an Electric Arc Furnace for Ferronickel Production","display_name":"Temperature Prediction Using Multivariate Time Series Deep Learning in the Lining of an Electric Arc Furnace for Ferronickel Production","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207460298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206894","mag":"3207460298","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6894/pdf?version=1634550239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6894/pdf?version=1634550239","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019009623","display_name":"Jersson X. Leon\u2010Medina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-1996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["CO","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jersson X. Leon-Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control, Modeling, Identification and Applications (CoDAlab), Department of Mathematics, Escola d\u2019Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s (CDB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain","Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Mecatr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9198-1996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control, Modeling, Identification and Applications (CoDAlab), Department of Mathematics, Escola d\u2019Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Campus Diagonal-Bes\u00f2s (CDB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Mecatr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005549662","display_name":"Jaiber Camacho\u2010Olarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-4203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaiber Camacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-4203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068369217","display_name":"Camilo Gutierrez-Osorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-1369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilo Gutierrez-Osorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9113-1369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035502738","display_name":"Juli\u00e1n Esteban Salom\u00f3n Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-0108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juli\u00e1n Esteban Salom\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-0108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008937517","display_name":"Bernardo Rueda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I324290372","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/04nmbd607","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I324290372"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo Rueda","raw_affiliation_strings":["South32-Cerro Matoso S.A., Km 22 Highway SO Montelibano, C\u00f3rdoba 234001, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South32-Cerro Matoso S.A., Km 22 Highway SO Montelibano, C\u00f3rdoba 234001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I324290372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112742699","display_name":"Whilmar Vargas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I324290372","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/04nmbd607","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I324290372"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Whilmar Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["South32-Cerro Matoso S.A., Km 22 Highway SO Montelibano, C\u00f3rdoba 234001, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South32-Cerro Matoso S.A., Km 22 Highway SO Montelibano, C\u00f3rdoba 234001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I324290372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059748192","display_name":"Jorge Sofrony","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Sofrony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Mecatr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica y Mecatr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014729135","display_name":"Felipe Restrepo\u2010Calle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-1324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Restrepo-Calle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-1324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010045391","display_name":"C\u00e9sar Pedraza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-1429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Pedraza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-1429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031454555","display_name":"Diego Alexander Tibaduiza Burgos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-596X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Tibaduiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-596X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 No. 26-85, Bogot\u00e1 111321, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019009623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813","https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.0305,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85770168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"20","first_page":"6894","last_page":"6894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferroalloy","display_name":"Ferroalloy","score":0.7557398080825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.5234567523002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5219228267669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47769835591316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-arc-furnace","display_name":"Electric arc furnace","score":0.47701406478881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermocouple","display_name":"Thermocouple","score":0.45837095379829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.4565233588218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4429798126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42824041843414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-integrated-moving-average","display_name":"Autoregressive integrated moving average","score":0.42301827669143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-point","display_name":"Data point","score":0.4228413999080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42029890418052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39340710639953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36913740634918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3526318669319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16029790043830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14470529556274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13471832871437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.12080985307693481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C915527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907347","display_name":"Ferroalloy","level":2,"score":0.7557398080825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5234567523002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5219228267669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47769835591316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199948506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650993","display_name":"Electric arc furnace","level":2,"score":0.47701406478881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168068576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190241","display_name":"Thermocouple","level":2,"score":0.45837095379829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.4565233588218689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4429798126220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42824041843414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24338571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566298","display_name":"Autoregressive integrated moving average","level":3,"score":0.42301827669143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.4228413999080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42029890418052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39340710639953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36913740634918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3526318669319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16029790043830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14470529556274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13471832871437073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.12080985307693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6894/pdf?version=1634550239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34696106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24fd95d6709a4103bf309d229a62f028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24fd95d6709a4103bf309d229a62f028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 20, p 6894 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7429664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8541558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/20/6894/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 20; Pages: 6894","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8541558","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8541558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6894/pdf?version=1634550239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309955","display_name":"Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (COLCIENCIAS)","ror":"https://ror.org/048jthh02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207460298.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88323139","https://openalex.org/W1529695962","https://openalex.org/W1977160983","https://openalex.org/W2069143585","https://openalex.org/W2074132599","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2118023920","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2316183812","https://openalex.org/W2570173115","https://openalex.org/W2739969482","https://openalex.org/W2890119716","https://openalex.org/W2903282641","https://openalex.org/W2949978281","https://openalex.org/W2972218590","https://openalex.org/W2986339177","https://openalex.org/W3009611419","https://openalex.org/W3022643593","https://openalex.org/W3030915226","https://openalex.org/W3036120947","https://openalex.org/W3044397783","https://openalex.org/W3044560395","https://openalex.org/W3081689333","https://openalex.org/W3108448164","https://openalex.org/W3109450198","https://openalex.org/W3110368656","https://openalex.org/W3119201384","https://openalex.org/W3132782787","https://openalex.org/W6631766689","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2509548417","https://openalex.org/W2781059215","https://openalex.org/W2506816497","https://openalex.org/W3049658080","https://openalex.org/W3120040356","https://openalex.org/W3111256057","https://openalex.org/W2357139515","https://openalex.org/W2003664874","https://openalex.org/W2956806615","https://openalex.org/W2371689011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,202,222],"analysis":[1],"of":[2,30,68,70,77,86,97,171,235,242],"data":[3,73,78,164],"from":[4,102],"sensors":[5,50],"in":[6,17,198,238],"structures":[7],"subjected":[8],"to":[9,51,82,93,118,167,194],"extreme":[10],"conditions":[11,91],"such":[12,54],"as":[13,55,178,180],"the":[14,28,31,40,43,66,84,87,156,169,172,196,199,239,249],"ones":[15],"used":[16,150],"smelting":[18],"processes":[19],"is":[20,122,149,207],"a":[21,129,142,163,187,208,219],"great":[22],"decision":[23],"tool":[24],"that":[25],"allows":[26],"knowing":[27],"behavior":[29],"structure":[32],"under":[33,89],"different":[34,44,244],"operational":[35],"conditions.":[36],"In":[37,154],"this":[38,75,119,131],"industry,":[39,120],"furnaces":[41],"and":[42,72,182,185],"elements":[45],"are":[46],"fully":[47],"instrumented,":[48],"including":[49],"measure":[52],"variables":[53],"temperature,":[56],"pressure,":[57],"level,":[58],"flow,":[59],"power,":[60],"electrode":[61],"positions,":[62],"among":[63],"others.":[64],"From":[65],"point":[67],"view":[69],"engineering":[71],"analytics,":[74],"quantity":[76],"presents":[79,133],"an":[80,124,134,228],"opportunity":[81],"understand":[83],"operation":[85,98],"system":[88],"normal":[90],"or":[92],"explore":[94],"new":[95],"ways":[96],"by":[99,105],"using":[100,106],"information":[101,177],"models":[103],"provided":[104],"deep":[107,136,191,204],"learning":[108,137,192,205],"approaches.":[109],"Although":[110],"some":[111],"approaches":[112],"have":[113],"been":[114],"developed":[115,203],"with":[116],"application":[117],"it":[121],"still":[123],"open":[125],"research":[126],"area.":[127],"As":[128],"contribution,":[130],"paper":[132],"applied":[135],"temperature":[138],"prediction":[139],"model":[140,193,206,226],"for":[141,151],"75":[143],"MW":[144],"electric":[145],"arc":[146],"furnace,":[147],"which":[148],"ferronickel":[152],"production.":[153],"general,":[155],"methodology":[157],"proposed":[158],"considers":[159],"two":[160],"steps:":[161],"first,":[162],"cleaning":[165],"process":[166],"increase":[168],"quality":[170],"data,":[173,184],"eliminating":[174],"both":[175],"redundant":[176],"well":[179],"atypical":[181],"unusual":[183],"second,":[186],"multivariate":[188],"time":[189],"series":[190],"predict":[195],"temperatures":[197],"furnace":[200],"lining.":[201],"sequential":[209],"one":[210],"based":[211],"on":[212,248],"GRU":[213,223],"(gated":[214],"recurrent":[215],"unit)":[216],"layer":[217],"plus":[218],"dense":[220],"layer.":[221],"+":[224],"Dense":[225],"achieved":[227],"average":[229],"root":[230],"mean":[231],"square":[232],"error":[233],"(RMSE)":[234],"1.19":[236],"\u00b0C":[237],"test":[240],"set":[241],"16":[243],"thermocouples":[245],"radially":[246],"distributed":[247],"furnace.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}