{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207820978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206856","title":"Video Rain-Streaks Removal by Combining Data-Driven and Feature-Based Models","display_name":"Video Rain-Streaks Removal by Combining Data-Driven and Feature-Based Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207820978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206856","mag":"3207820978","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206856","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6856/pdf?version=1634293340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6856/pdf?version=1634293340","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017115855","display_name":"Muhammad Rafiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-1577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rafiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-1577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002818315","display_name":"Manoranjan Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoranjan Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-5056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Ave, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017115855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61825987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"20","first_page":"6856","last_page":"6856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7944981455802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.7438238263130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.716200590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6132858395576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6100857853889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5938926935195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streak","display_name":"Streak","score":0.4588374197483063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45705103874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.42171230912208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34873175621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3443017601966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.08773237466812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0766659677028656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7944981455802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.7438238263130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.716200590133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6132858395576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6100857853889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5938926935195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65185188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107775","display_name":"Streak","level":2,"score":0.4588374197483063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45705103874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.42171230912208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34873175621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3443017601966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.08773237466812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0766659677028656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011891","descriptor_name":"Rain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011891","descriptor_name":"Rain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011891","descriptor_name":"Rain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206856","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6856/pdf?version=1634293340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34696069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a9b5a793-ffd9-48a4-90dd-345da9854822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/a9b5a793-ffd9-48a4-90dd-345da9854822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Islam, M R & Paul, M 2021, 'Video rain-streaks removal by combining data-driven and feature-based models', Sensors, vol. 21, no. 20, 6856, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206856","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c92a7ef0c4204eb49810224e59593dfb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c92a7ef0c4204eb49810224e59593dfb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 20, p 6856 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7429098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8540982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/20/6856/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 20; Pages: 6856","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8540982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8540982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206856","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6856/pdf?version=1634293340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207820978.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62203920","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1909316225","https://openalex.org/W1965572510","https://openalex.org/W1977808497","https://openalex.org/W1979260620","https://openalex.org/W1988061476","https://openalex.org/W2017416107","https://openalex.org/W2052524720","https://openalex.org/W2084962682","https://openalex.org/W2096006988","https://openalex.org/W2098067183","https://openalex.org/W2113569611","https://openalex.org/W2115415549","https://openalex.org/W2126826938","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2132103241","https://openalex.org/W2138507544","https://openalex.org/W2140329186","https://openalex.org/W2144701150","https://openalex.org/W2155003372","https://openalex.org/W2177195834","https://openalex.org/W2209874411","https://openalex.org/W2296135906","https://openalex.org/W2390601522","https://openalex.org/W2509784253","https://openalex.org/W2571047004","https://openalex.org/W2585357012","https://openalex.org/W2737207197","https://openalex.org/W2740982616","https://openalex.org/W2753548330","https://openalex.org/W2769725908","https://openalex.org/W2777241530","https://openalex.org/W2780930362","https://openalex.org/W2798401637","https://openalex.org/W2798744505","https://openalex.org/W2884068670","https://openalex.org/W2891269274","https://openalex.org/W2897562666","https://openalex.org/W2913360047","https://openalex.org/W2948667002","https://openalex.org/W2963017889","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963753750","https://openalex.org/W2963843230","https://openalex.org/W2963866045","https://openalex.org/W2963878020","https://openalex.org/W2964212750","https://openalex.org/W2997164502","https://openalex.org/W3008100493","https://openalex.org/W3016203844","https://openalex.org/W3017109268","https://openalex.org/W3028045870","https://openalex.org/W3035326127","https://openalex.org/W3104436273","https://openalex.org/W3164417204","https://openalex.org/W6678037401","https://openalex.org/W6719777491","https://openalex.org/W6746007227","https://openalex.org/W6776477290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W2806259446","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4247136043","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W4384115502","https://openalex.org/W4226258012","https://openalex.org/W4383681494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Video":[0],"analytics":[1],"and":[2,52,77,88,95,134,146,149,174,197,204,212],"computer":[3],"vision":[4],"applications":[5],"face":[6],"challenges":[7,71],"when":[8,23],"using":[9,177],"video":[10,19,43],"sequences":[11],"with":[12,122],"low":[13],"visibility.":[14],"The":[15,160,180],"visibility":[16],"of":[17,103,162,194],"a":[18,136],"sequence":[20,25],"is":[21,26,117],"degraded":[22],"the":[24,62,70,74,85,101,104,113,163,185,189,214],"affected":[27],"by":[28,208],"atmospheric":[29],"interference":[30],"like":[31],"rain.":[32],"Many":[33],"approaches":[34,46,65],"have":[35,66,91],"been":[36,167],"proposed":[37,164,186],"to":[38,98,112,119,153,171],"remove":[39],"rain":[40,68,82,86,206,210],"streaks":[41,87,211],"from":[42],"sequences.":[44],"Some":[45],"are":[47,54,72,96],"based":[48,55],"on":[49,56,109],"physical":[50,63,93,144],"features,":[51],"some":[53],"data-driven":[57,105,147],"(i.e.,":[58],"deep-learning)":[59],"models.":[60],"Although":[61],"features-based":[64],"better":[67],"interpretability,":[69],"extracting":[73],"appropriate":[75],"features":[76,145,148],"fusing":[78],"them":[79,152],"for":[80,201],"meaningful":[81],"removal,":[83],"as":[84],"moving":[89,215],"objects":[90,216],"dynamic":[92],"characteristics":[94],"difficult":[97,118],"distinguish.":[99],"Additionally,":[100],"outcome":[102],"models":[106],"mostly":[107],"depends":[108],"variations":[110,125],"relating":[111],"training":[114],"dataset.":[115],"It":[116],"include":[120],"datasets":[121],"all":[123],"possible":[124],"in":[126,169,192],"model":[127],"training.":[128],"This":[129],"paper":[130],"addresses":[131],"both":[132,202],"issues":[133],"proposes":[135],"novel":[137,143],"hybrid":[138],"technique":[139],"where":[140],"we":[141],"extract":[142],"then":[150],"combine":[151],"create":[154],"an":[155],"effective":[156],"rain-streak":[157],"removal":[158],"strategy.":[159],"performance":[161],"algorithm":[165],"has":[166],"tested":[168],"comparison":[170],"several":[172],"relevant":[173],"contemporary":[175],"methods":[176,191],"benchmark":[178],"datasets.":[179],"experimental":[181],"result":[182],"shows":[183],"that":[184],"method":[187],"outperforms":[188],"other":[190],"terms":[193],"subjective,":[195],"objective,":[196],"object":[198],"detection":[199],"comparisons":[200],"synthetic":[203],"real":[205],"scenarios":[207],"removing":[209],"retaining":[213],"more":[217],"effectively.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
