{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207794525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206847","title":"Accurate Pupil Center Detection in Off-the-Shelf Eye Tracking Systems Using Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Accurate Pupil Center Detection in Off-the-Shelf Eye Tracking Systems Using Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207794525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206847","mag":"3207794525","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206847","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6847/pdf?version=1634277444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6847/pdf?version=1634277444","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087575161","display_name":"Andoni Larumbe-Bergera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-2426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andoni Larumbe-Bergera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054996815","display_name":"Gonzalo Garde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3635-6530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalo Garde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035264037","display_name":"Sonia Porta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-4477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Porta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066778174","display_name":"Rafael Cabeza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Cabeza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087486727","display_name":"Arantxa Villanueva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-2530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arantxa Villanueva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arrosadia Campus, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087575161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.689,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90082797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"20","first_page":"6847","last_page":"6847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.895195722579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8701932430267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8079179525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6861907839775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6141587495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5193094611167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center","display_name":"Center (category theory)","score":0.4591524004936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.44494181871414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4299558997154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3529852628707886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.895195722579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8701932430267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8079179525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6861907839775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6141587495803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5193094611167908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.4591524004936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.44494181871414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4299558997154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3529852628707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000084542","descriptor_name":"Eye-Tracking Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206847","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6847/pdf?version=1634277444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34696060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/41212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2454/41212","pdf_url":"https://academica-e.unavarra.es/bitstreams/b5bcf6ce-9cce-4393-b9dc-ee9eb6977cf3/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402560","display_name":"Academica-e (Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","host_organization_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55d0abc26dbd4a6d8b91ae932239283a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55d0abc26dbd4a6d8b91ae932239283a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 20, p 6847 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/20/6847/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 20; Pages: 6847","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8538192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8538192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206847","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6847/pdf?version=1634277444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1650125035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5805502524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589649124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8605608011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ID2020-118014RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324610","funder_display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G870751711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ID2020-118014RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322649","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324610","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207794525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207794525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579018955","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1796263212","https://openalex.org/W1832881114","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1946919140","https://openalex.org/W1963599662","https://openalex.org/W1964536231","https://openalex.org/W2006902452","https://openalex.org/W2015229219","https://openalex.org/W2023494762","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2040336280","https://openalex.org/W2044697119","https://openalex.org/W2046399019","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2048968870","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2125666044","https://openalex.org/W2128625732","https://openalex.org/W2158363907","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163852958","https://openalex.org/W2169837008","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2270732174","https://openalex.org/W2284800790","https://openalex.org/W2288826045","https://openalex.org/W2299591120","https://openalex.org/W2319835858","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2382036597","https://openalex.org/W2397023066","https://openalex.org/W2399676851","https://openalex.org/W2583387051","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2744759162","https://openalex.org/W2753101863","https://openalex.org/W2788549895","https://openalex.org/W2805490692","https://openalex.org/W2807525468","https://openalex.org/W2807959826","https://openalex.org/W2887114371","https://openalex.org/W2891326617","https://openalex.org/W2906111591","https://openalex.org/W2909406878","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2939022409","https://openalex.org/W2947495452","https://openalex.org/W2949442988","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964317462","https://openalex.org/W2971303460","https://openalex.org/W2971370265","https://openalex.org/W2978796584","https://openalex.org/W3004177837","https://openalex.org/W3011456725","https://openalex.org/W3012429160","https://openalex.org/W3084095363","https://openalex.org/W3090789868","https://openalex.org/W3098075019","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3105391992","https://openalex.org/W3184789977","https://openalex.org/W3186192338","https://openalex.org/W4243966075","https://openalex.org/W4303101870","https://openalex.org/W6660833478","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6711844864","https://openalex.org/W6736821236","https://openalex.org/W6751752065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591813577","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W3196371174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"eye":[1],"tracking":[2],"technology":[3],"has":[4,66,71],"suffered":[5],"an":[6,126],"increasing":[7],"growth":[8],"in":[9,16,49,96],"recent":[10],"years":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,51,124],"its":[14],"applicability":[15],"many":[17],"research":[18],"areas.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21,46],"paper,":[22],"a":[23,55,62,93,108],"video-oculography":[24],"method":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27],"convolutional":[28],"neural":[29],"networks":[30],"(CNNs)":[31],"for":[32],"pupil":[33,56,85,95],"center":[34,57,86],"detection":[35],"over":[36,74],"webcam":[37],"images":[38],"is":[39],"proposed.":[40],"As":[41],"the":[42,53,90,101,113],"first":[43],"contribution":[44],"of":[45,61,92,100,115],"work":[47],"and":[48,77,80,121],"order":[50],"train":[52],"model,":[54],"manual":[58],"labeling":[59],"procedure":[60],"facial":[63],"landmark":[64],"dataset":[65],"been":[67,72],"performed.":[68],"The":[69],"model":[70],"tested":[73],"both":[75],"real":[76],"synthetic":[78],"databases":[79],"outperforms":[81],"state-of-the-art":[82],"methods,":[83],"achieving":[84],"estimation":[87],"errors":[88],"below":[89],"size":[91],"constricted":[94],"more":[97],"than":[98],"95%":[99],"images,":[102],"while":[103],"reducing":[104],"computing":[105],"time":[106],"by":[107],"8":[109],"factor.":[110],"Results":[111],"show":[112],"importance":[114],"use":[116],"high":[117],"quality":[118],"training":[119],"data":[120],"well-known":[122],"architectures":[123],"achieve":[125],"outstanding":[127],"performance.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}