{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206555527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206773","title":"Unsupervised Learning with Generative Adversarial Network for Automatic Tire Defect Detection from X-ray Images","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning with Generative Adversarial Network for Automatic Tire Defect Detection from X-ray Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206555527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206773","mag":"3206555527","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34695986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206773","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449864","display_name":"Yilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-8753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-8753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635546","display_name":"Yulong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-3630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053171877","display_name":"Zheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-7830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","Zhongce Rubber Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-7830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongce Rubber Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082096985","display_name":"Liedong Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liedong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007848429","display_name":"Jinshui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-3345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinshui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-3345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017135163","display_name":"Jiangang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-6179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007848429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.5694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90680815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"20","first_page":"6773","last_page":"6773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7561473250389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.673730194568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6044178009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5825216770172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5351861715316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.43410003185272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4335097074508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.42670881748199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4058550298213959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3848715126514435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.30357009172439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10207638144493103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7561473250389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.673730194568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6044178009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5825216770172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5351861715316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.43410003185272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4335097074508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42670881748199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4058550298213959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3848715126514435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30357009172439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10207638144493103}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34695986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34695986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d5ddd409038409aa1e125ba77fe9d00","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d5ddd409038409aa1e125ba77fe9d00","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 20, p 6773 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/20/6773/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 20; Pages: 6773","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8540295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8540295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G571534005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020MC0AE01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329742","funder_display_name":"Major Scientific Project of Zhejiang Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329742","display_name":"Major Scientific Project of Zhejiang Laboratory","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1884395441","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2041841839","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2125382552","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2142884912","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2398119937","https://openalex.org/W2599354622","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2741224071","https://openalex.org/W2766108561","https://openalex.org/W2795647708","https://openalex.org/W2809705434","https://openalex.org/W2884195426","https://openalex.org/W2886037842","https://openalex.org/W2899280016","https://openalex.org/W2912069721","https://openalex.org/W2914570111","https://openalex.org/W2941813310","https://openalex.org/W2944303778","https://openalex.org/W2945270739","https://openalex.org/W2963045681","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2966341653","https://openalex.org/W2966400067","https://openalex.org/W2971823973","https://openalex.org/W2978971541","https://openalex.org/W2982781781","https://openalex.org/W3013136017","https://openalex.org/W3031525551","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3101017490","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W6682137061","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6694501499","https://openalex.org/W6704369950","https://openalex.org/W6729966448"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220926404","https://openalex.org/W3123344745","https://openalex.org/W3148060700","https://openalex.org/W3080681248","https://openalex.org/W4376646226","https://openalex.org/W3047177827","https://openalex.org/W4287685660","https://openalex.org/W2057778272","https://openalex.org/W4319302697","https://openalex.org/W2986085304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"defect":[1,37,119],"detection":[2,41,52,200],"of":[3,23,42,61,89,142,189],"tire":[4,12,24,36,48,218],"has":[5,66],"become":[6],"an":[7,29,113,126],"essential":[8],"issue":[9],"in":[10,74,82,161,169],"the":[11,20,59,140,145,155,162,166,170,195,224],"industry.":[13],"However,":[14,73],"it":[15],"is":[16,33,45,92,137,182,205,227],"challenging":[17],"to":[18,69,84,97,175,184,198,208],"inspect":[19],"inner":[21],"structure":[22],"by":[25,53],"surface":[26],"detection.":[27],"Therefore,":[28],"X-ray":[30,56,219],"image":[31],"sensor":[32],"used":[34,152],"for":[35,94,121,153,229],"inspection.":[38],"At":[39],"present,":[40],"defective":[43,78,90],"tires":[44],"inefficient":[46],"because":[47],"factories":[49],"commonly":[50],"conduct":[51],"manually":[54],"checking":[55],"images.":[57,178],"With":[58],"development":[60],"deep":[62],"learning,":[63],"supervised":[64,95],"learning":[65],"been":[67],"introduced":[68],"replace":[70],"human":[71],"resources.":[72],"actual":[75],"industrial":[76],"scenes,":[77],"samples":[79,91,120,150],"are":[80,151,173],"rare":[81],"comparison":[83],"defect-free":[85,149,177],"samples.":[86],"The":[87,135,179,187,202,211],"quantity":[88],"insufficient":[93],"models":[96],"extract":[98],"features":[99],"and":[100,130,157],"identify":[101],"nonconforming":[102],"products":[103],"from":[104],"qualified":[105],"ones.":[106],"To":[107],"address":[108],"these":[109],"problems,":[110],"we":[111,124],"propose":[112],"unsupervised":[114],"approach,":[115],"using":[116],"no":[117],"labeled":[118],"training.":[122],"Moreover,":[123],"introduce":[125],"augmented":[127],"reconstruction":[128,180,196],"method":[129,204,226],"a":[131,217],"self-supervised":[132,190],"training":[133,146,154,191],"strategy.":[134],"approach":[136],"based":[138],"on":[139,216],"idea":[141],"reconstruction.":[143],"In":[144],"phase,":[147],"only":[148],"model":[156],"updating":[158],"memory":[159,163],"items":[160],"module,":[164],"so":[165,223],"reproduced":[167],"images":[168],"test":[171],"phase":[172],"bound":[174],"resemble":[176],"residual":[181,197],"utilized":[183],"detect":[185],"defects.":[186],"introduction":[188],"strategy":[192],"further":[193],"strengthens":[194],"improve":[199],"performance.":[201],"proposed":[203,225],"experimentally":[206],"proved":[207],"be":[209],"effective.":[210],"Area":[212],"Under":[213],"Curve":[214],"(AUC)":[215],"dataset":[220],"reaches":[221],"0.873,":[222],"promising":[228],"application.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}