{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205516605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206711","title":"3D Object Detection with SLS-Fusion Network in Foggy Weather Conditions","display_name":"3D Object Detection with SLS-Fusion Network in Foggy Weather Conditions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205516605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206711","mag":"3205516605","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34695925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206711","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6711/pdf?version=1633948404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6711/pdf?version=1633948404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048489321","display_name":"Nguyen Anh Minh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-8909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160565","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilit\u00e9 et l'Am\u00e9nagement","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0nvr25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210092945","https://openalex.org/I4210160565"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen Anh Minh Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cerema, Equipe-Projet STI, 1 Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31400 Toulouse, France","Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France","IRIT-MINDS - CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-8909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cerema, Equipe-Projet STI, 1 Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I4210119061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT-MINDS - CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018145601","display_name":"Pierre Duthon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-1131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160565","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilit\u00e9 et l'Am\u00e9nagement","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0nvr25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210092945","https://openalex.org/I4210160565"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Duthon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cerema, Equipe-Projet STI, 8-10, Rue Bernard Palissy, 63017 Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-1131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cerema, Equipe-Projet STI, 8-10, Rue Bernard Palissy, 63017 Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026219433","display_name":"Louahdi Khoudour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-4302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160565","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilit\u00e9 et l'Am\u00e9nagement","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0nvr25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210092945","https://openalex.org/I4210160565"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louahdi Khoudour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cerema, Equipe-Projet STI, 1 Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31400 Toulouse, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-4302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cerema, Equipe-Projet STI, 1 Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080971261","display_name":"Alain Crouzil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Toulouse Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Crouzil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France","IRIT-MINDS - CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-2978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I4210119061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT-MINDS - CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT\r\n118 Route de Narbonne\r\n31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000226831","display_name":"Sergio A. Velast\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-7137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio A. Velastin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, 28911 Madrid, Spain","School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK","EECS - School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom - United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-7137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, 28911 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS - School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science (Queen Mary, University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS United Kingdom - United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048489321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4210160189","https://openalex.org/I4210160565"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.9919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92460216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"20","first_page":"6711","last_page":"6711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7621755599975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7174650430679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-weather","display_name":"Adverse weather","score":0.6674138307571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5594571828842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5193751454353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5077999234199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.502326250076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spare-part","display_name":"Spare part","score":0.44680798053741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4143417179584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38432368636131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.20026901364326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.15071111917495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11293303966522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07189837098121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0707353949546814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7621755599975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7174650430679321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992147540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Adverse weather","level":2,"score":0.6674138307571411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5594571828842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5193751454353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5077999234199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.502326250076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194648553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364774","display_name":"Spare part","level":2,"score":0.44680798053741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4143417179584503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38432368636131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.20026901364326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.15071111917495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11293303966522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07189837098121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0707353949546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011891","descriptor_name":"Rain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011891","descriptor_name":"Rain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011891","descriptor_name":"Rain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206711","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6711/pdf?version=1633948404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34695925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34695925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/33448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/33448","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/33448","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7429043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8540926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8540926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8540926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03523805v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03523805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6711","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2dc450694fc4ce6942c0e19f71bfc05","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2dc450694fc4ce6942c0e19f71bfc05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 20, p 6711 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/20/6711/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 20; Pages: 6711","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21206711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206711","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6711/pdf?version=1633948404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205516605.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3205516605.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1979319585","https://openalex.org/W2003987953","https://openalex.org/W2025041639","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2100982979","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2128254161","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2259424905","https://openalex.org/W2314657099","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2468368736","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2558027072","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2563100679","https://openalex.org/W2605189827","https://openalex.org/W2623901301","https://openalex.org/W2741922878","https://openalex.org/W2748021867","https://openalex.org/W2782481028","https://openalex.org/W2792633707","https://openalex.org/W2887964057","https://openalex.org/W2892336504","https://openalex.org/W2898231767","https://openalex.org/W2948429466","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2952394248","https://openalex.org/W2954171777","https://openalex.org/W2954174912","https://openalex.org/W2955181123","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963619659","https://openalex.org/W2963686633","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2963867516","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2972970334","https://openalex.org/W2990766893","https://openalex.org/W2998545307","https://openalex.org/W2998840035","https://openalex.org/W3000280594","https://openalex.org/W3004135102","https://openalex.org/W3004237909","https://openalex.org/W3005974859","https://openalex.org/W3008390414","https://openalex.org/W3034543232","https://openalex.org/W3034602892","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3041785046","https://openalex.org/W3048912793","https://openalex.org/W3084274556","https://openalex.org/W3094653248","https://openalex.org/W3094730912","https://openalex.org/W3100388886","https://openalex.org/W3101778766","https://openalex.org/W3103975766","https://openalex.org/W3104823194","https://openalex.org/W3109128945","https://openalex.org/W3114281349","https://openalex.org/W3114509423","https://openalex.org/W3116401329","https://openalex.org/W3121281282","https://openalex.org/W3124557374","https://openalex.org/W3135806828","https://openalex.org/W3157635489","https://openalex.org/W3212920938","https://openalex.org/W4230604704","https://openalex.org/W4288348082","https://openalex.org/W4399054182","https://openalex.org/W6804309128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376859990","https://openalex.org/W2912704652","https://openalex.org/W2381161177","https://openalex.org/W2319226115","https://openalex.org/W830772239","https://openalex.org/W2970750595","https://openalex.org/W2366601680","https://openalex.org/W4295074292","https://openalex.org/W2392193501","https://openalex.org/W4289763040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56],"role":[1],"of":[2,19,58,66,71,158,257,278,287,305],"sensors":[3,28],"such":[4,37],"as":[5,38,119],"cameras":[6],"or":[7],"LiDAR":[8,170,176],"(Light":[9],"Detection":[10],"and":[11,41,76,84,123,153,171,200,224,265],"Ranging)":[12],"is":[13,61,91,111,121,185,237],"crucial":[14],"for":[15,81,150,245,312],"the":[16,23,64,69,140,146,174,197,201,222,225,259,271,285,297,303,306],"environmental":[17],"awareness":[18],"self-driving":[20,54,313],"cars.":[21],"However,":[22],"data":[24,86,96],"collected":[25],"from":[26],"these":[27],"are":[29],"subject":[30],"to":[31,47,62,78,115,144,181,193,204],"distortions":[32],"in":[33,73,87,97,207,241,248,315],"extreme":[34],"weather":[35,89,99,109,189,209,250,317],"conditions":[36,90,110,210],"fog,":[39],"rain,":[40],"snow.":[42],"This":[43],"issue":[44],"could":[45],"lead":[46],"many":[48],"safety":[49],"problems":[50],"while":[51,211],"operating":[52],"a":[53,102,112,117,129,254,275],"vehicle.":[55],"purpose":[57],"this":[59,133],"study":[60],"analyze":[63],"effects":[65],"fog":[67,137,282],"on":[68,139,169,221,270,290],"detection":[70,244,289,310],"objects":[72,247],"driving":[74,291],"scenes":[75],"then":[77],"propose":[79,192],"methods":[80],"improvement.":[82],"Collecting":[83],"processing":[85,159],"adverse":[88],"often":[92,283],"more":[93,124],"difficult":[94],"than":[95],"good":[98,113,213],"conditions.":[100,190,217,251,318],"Hence,":[101],"synthetic":[103],"dataset":[104,143,149,199,203,273],"that":[105],"can":[106],"simulate":[107],"bad":[108],"choice":[114],"validate":[116],"method,":[118],"it":[120,184],"simpler":[122],"economical,":[125],"before":[126,233],"working":[127],"with":[128,274,296],"real":[130],"dataset.":[131],"In":[132,156,280],"paper,":[134],"we":[135,161,300],"apply":[136],"synthesis":[138],"public":[141],"KITTI":[142,148,223,228],"generate":[145],"Multifog":[147,227],"both":[151,196],"images":[152],"point":[154],"clouds.":[155],"terms":[157],"tasks,":[160],"test":[162],"our":[163],"previous":[164],"3D":[165,242,288,308],"object":[166,243,309],"detector":[167],"based":[168],"camera,":[172],"named":[173],"Spare":[175],"Stereo":[177],"Fusion":[178],"Network":[179],"(SLS-Fusion),":[180],"see":[182],"how":[183],"affected":[186],"by":[187,239,263],"foggy":[188,208,249,316],"We":[191,218],"train":[194],"using":[195,253],"original":[198,272],"augmented":[202,298],"improve":[205,302],"performance":[206,214,236,304],"keeping":[212],"under":[215],"normal":[216],"conducted":[219],"experiments":[220],"proposed":[226,307],"datasets":[229],"which":[230],"show":[231],"that,":[232],"any":[234],"improvement,":[235],"reduced":[238],"42.67%":[240],"Moderate":[246],"By":[252,293],"specific":[255],"strategy":[256],"training,":[258],"results":[260],"significantly":[261,301],"improved":[262],"26.72%":[264],"keep":[266],"performing":[267],"quite":[268],"well":[269],"drop":[276],"only":[277],"8.23%.":[279],"summary,":[281],"causes":[284],"failure":[286],"scenes.":[292],"additional":[294],"training":[295],"dataset,":[299],"algorithm":[311],"cars":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}
