{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200983411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186323","title":"Classification and Automated Interpretation of Spinal Posture Data Using a Pathology-Independent Classifier and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","display_name":"Classification and Automated Interpretation of Spinal Posture Data Using a Pathology-Independent Classifier and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200983411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186323","mag":"3200983411","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186323","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6323/pdf?version=1632364881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6323/pdf?version=1632364881","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036563205","display_name":"Carlo Dindorf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-8481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Dindorf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-8481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001308174","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Konradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2297-3482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Konradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2297-3482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087537568","display_name":"Claudia Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-2664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024456196","display_name":"Bertram Taetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-4874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bertram Taetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Augmented Vision, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Augmented Vision, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055695944","display_name":"Gabriele Bleser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-8166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Bleser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Augmented Vision, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-8166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Augmented Vision, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053539728","display_name":"Janine Huthwelker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janine Huthwelker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013120446","display_name":"Friederike Werthmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friederike Werthmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070371529","display_name":"Eva Bartaguiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-668X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Bartaguiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084517660","display_name":"Johanna Kniepert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7294-5546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Kniepert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056787199","display_name":"Philipp Drees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-6524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Drees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071358149","display_name":"Ulrich Betz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197323543","display_name":"Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/023b0x485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197323543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Betz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-4287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062","https://openalex.org/I197323543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029807854","display_name":"Michael Fr\u00f6hlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-6374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Fr\u00f6hlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sports Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-6374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sports Science, Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036563205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.2254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92460733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"6323","last_page":"6323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6867960691452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6853704452514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5852655172348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5763470530509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5457843542098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5041133165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46735289692878723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6867960691452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6853704452514648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5852655172348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5763470530509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5457843542098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5041133165359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46735289692878723}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186323","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6323/pdf?version=1632364881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34577530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2bb66c4e369a4a2c86f8e52d3fbfdffa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bb66c4e369a4a2c86f8e52d3fbfdffa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 18, p 6323 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7358613","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8470313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kluedo.ub.rptu.de:6616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:386-kluedo-66166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402046","display_name":"Publication Server of Kaiserslautern University of Technology (Kaiserslautern University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","host_organization_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kluedo.ub.rptu.de:6892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:386-kluedo-68928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402046","display_name":"Publication Server of Kaiserslautern University of Technology (Kaiserslautern University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","host_organization_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kluedo.ub.uni-kl.de:6616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kluedo.ub.uni-kl.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402046","display_name":"Publication Server of Kaiserslautern University of Technology (Kaiserslautern University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","host_organization_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kluedo.ub.uni-kl.de:6892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kluedo.ub.uni-kl.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402046","display_name":"Publication Server of Kaiserslautern University of Technology (Kaiserslautern University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","host_organization_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/18/6323/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 18; Pages: 6323","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8470313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8470313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186323","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6323/pdf?version=1632364881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6089294289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16SV7115; 03IHS075B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200983411.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200983411.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114377731","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1906985535","https://openalex.org/W1974564893","https://openalex.org/W1977658515","https://openalex.org/W1981336961","https://openalex.org/W1989289149","https://openalex.org/W1994568570","https://openalex.org/W1995443851","https://openalex.org/W2000051532","https://openalex.org/W2009011310","https://openalex.org/W2023391179","https://openalex.org/W2046547018","https://openalex.org/W2051552261","https://openalex.org/W2062260556","https://openalex.org/W2068664931","https://openalex.org/W2089860017","https://openalex.org/W2093484415","https://openalex.org/W2099174412","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2111887260","https://openalex.org/W2161851658","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2409943200","https://openalex.org/W2478203884","https://openalex.org/W2535540865","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2608839702","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2736217281","https://openalex.org/W2739982741","https://openalex.org/W2761845090","https://openalex.org/W2778796877","https://openalex.org/W2790410554","https://openalex.org/W2792919287","https://openalex.org/W2803506739","https://openalex.org/W2811177721","https://openalex.org/W2886035852","https://openalex.org/W2891489434","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2908716024","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2920922304","https://openalex.org/W2951082895","https://openalex.org/W2952505933","https://openalex.org/W2979072923","https://openalex.org/W2986768922","https://openalex.org/W2995523160","https://openalex.org/W2995687492","https://openalex.org/W3000716014","https://openalex.org/W3011358627","https://openalex.org/W3015626925","https://openalex.org/W3047228793","https://openalex.org/W3088206632","https://openalex.org/W3094823459","https://openalex.org/W3095526013","https://openalex.org/W3134746779","https://openalex.org/W3152811959","https://openalex.org/W3161999894","https://openalex.org/W3171725702","https://openalex.org/W3194494914","https://openalex.org/W3202628454","https://openalex.org/W4225536965","https://openalex.org/W4226192395","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6714720401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2747895175","https://openalex.org/W2614669534","https://openalex.org/W2104406636","https://openalex.org/W2123014508","https://openalex.org/W2741028958","https://openalex.org/W2105512057","https://openalex.org/W4252625449","https://openalex.org/W3131201603","https://openalex.org/W2115788596","https://openalex.org/W4387784741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"classification":[1,45,117,121],"models":[2],"are":[3,8],"mostly":[4],"pathology-dependent":[5],"and,":[6],"thus,":[7],"only":[9],"able":[10],"to":[11,32,90,138,164,188,194],"detect":[12],"pathologies":[13,55],"they":[14],"have":[15],"been":[16],"trained":[17],"for.":[18],"Research":[19],"is":[20,31],"needed":[21],"regarding":[22],"pathology-independent":[23,35,79],"classifiers":[24,168],"and":[25,41,53,193,197,202],"their":[26],"interpretation.":[27],"Hence,":[28],"our":[29],"aim":[30],"develop":[33],"a":[34,78,86,128],"classifier":[36],"that":[37],"provides":[38],"prediction":[39],"probabilities":[40],"explanations":[42],"of":[43,50,153,159,173],"the":[44,97,141,151,154,160],"decisions.":[46],"Spinal":[47],"posture":[48],"data":[49,176],"healthy":[51,142],"subjects":[52,126],"various":[54],"(back":[56],"pain,":[57],"spinal":[58,129,175],"fusion,":[59],"osteoarthritis),":[60],"as":[61,63,77],"well":[62],"synthetic":[64],"data,":[65],"were":[66,83,108,123,135],"used":[67,76,115,166],"for":[68,125,150,179],"modeling.":[69],"A":[70],"one-class":[71],"support":[72],"vector":[73],"machine":[74],"was":[75,94,169],"classifier.":[80],"The":[81,106,119,145,171,182],"outputs":[82],"transformed":[84],"into":[85],"probability":[87],"distribution":[88],"according":[89],"Platt's":[91],"method.":[92],"Interpretation":[93],"performed":[95],"using":[96],"explainable":[98],"artificial":[99],"intelligence":[100],"tool":[101],"Local":[102],"Interpretable":[103],"Model-Agnostic":[104],"Explanations.":[105],"results":[107,122],"compared":[109,163],"with":[110,127,132],"those":[111],"obtained":[112,124],"by":[113],"commonly":[114,165],"binary":[116,167],"approaches.":[118],"best":[120],"fusion.":[130],"Subjects":[131],"back":[133],"pain":[134],"especially":[136],"challenging":[137],"distinguish":[139],"from":[140],"reference":[143],"group.":[144],"proposed":[146,161,183],"method":[147],"proved":[148],"useful":[149,187],"interpretation":[152],"predictions.":[155],"No":[156],"clear":[157],"inferiority":[158],"approach":[162,184],"demonstrated.":[170],"application":[172],"dynamic":[174],"seems":[177],"important":[178],"future":[180],"works.":[181],"could":[185],"be":[186],"provide":[189],"an":[190],"objective":[191],"orientation":[192],"individually":[195],"adapt":[196],"monitor":[198],"therapy":[199],"measures":[200],"pre-":[201],"post-operatively.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}