{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199228457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186290","title":"The Seismo-Performer: A Novel Machine Learning Approach for General and Efficient Seismic Phase Recognition from Local Earthquakes in Real Time","display_name":"The Seismo-Performer: A Novel Machine Learning Approach for General and Efficient Seismic Phase Recognition from Local Earthquakes in Real Time","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199228457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186290","mag":"3199228457","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6290/pdf?version=1632298730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6290/pdf?version=1632298730","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059084869","display_name":"\u0410. \u0410. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0432","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089166","display_name":"Far East Geological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/009g8f974","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210089166","https://openalex.org/I4210163714"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Stepnov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-6687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000711199","display_name":"V. K. Chernykh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-8620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123270","display_name":"Institute of Materials Science of the Khabarovsk Scientific Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0225rdk98","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123270"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Chernykh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 680000 Khabarovsk, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-8620","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khabarovsk Federal Research Center, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 680000 Khabarovsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060761395","display_name":"\u0410. \u0412. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-1524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089166","display_name":"Far East Geological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/009g8f974","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210089166","https://openalex.org/I4210163714"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Konovalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-1524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059084869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089166"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86181516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"6290","last_page":"6290"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6240360140800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5000221729278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4903097450733185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4482392370700836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.44661635160446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.41358980536460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40787824988365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.3324018120765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32309138774871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19784840941429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1960865557193756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6240360140800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5000221729278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4903097450733185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4482392370700836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.44661635160446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.41358980536460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40787824988365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.3324018120765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32309138774871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19784840941429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1960865557193756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055866","descriptor_name":"Earthquakes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055866","descriptor_name":"Earthquakes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055866","descriptor_name":"Earthquakes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6290/pdf?version=1632298730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34577497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1793ef1de7b846649928297dcbc569a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1793ef1de7b846649928297dcbc569a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 18, p 6290 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7358456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8470155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/18/6290/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 18; Pages: 6290","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8470155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8470155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186290","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6290/pdf?version=1632298730","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6444257319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"075-15-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8293232709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"075-15-2021-663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334801","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199228457.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199228457.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2282327577","https://openalex.org/W2789384574","https://openalex.org/W2794417179","https://openalex.org/W2798961812","https://openalex.org/W2882205656","https://openalex.org/W2903068704","https://openalex.org/W2907103943","https://openalex.org/W2913447624","https://openalex.org/W3047855151","https://openalex.org/W3102813443","https://openalex.org/W3121383166","https://openalex.org/W6750105550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2530685530","https://openalex.org/W4375868962","https://openalex.org/W2011227383","https://openalex.org/W2088854863","https://openalex.org/W1976719989","https://openalex.org/W2942893872","https://openalex.org/W2065606036","https://openalex.org/W3179495260","https://openalex.org/W3127543252","https://openalex.org/W2016904525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"recording":[1,10],"seismic":[2,23,36,48,84,149,205],"ground":[3],"motion":[4],"in":[5,33,68,156],"multiple":[6],"sites":[7],"using":[8,144],"independent":[9],"stations":[11],"one":[12],"needs":[13],"to":[14,42,50,64,82,163],"recognize":[15],"the":[16,19,44,51,98,127,157,165,172],"presence":[17],"of":[18,22,47,53,148],"same":[20],"parts":[21],"waves":[24],"arriving":[25],"at":[26],"these":[27],"stations.":[28],"This":[29],"problem":[30],"is":[31,40,92,112,193,197],"known":[32],"seismology":[34],"as":[35],"phase":[37],"picking.":[38],"It":[39],"challenging":[41],"automate":[43,65],"accurate":[45],"picking":[46],"phases":[49,85],"level":[52],"human":[54],"capabilities.":[55],"By":[56],"solving":[57],"this":[58],"problem,":[59],"it":[60],"would":[61],"be":[62],"possible":[63],"routine":[66],"processing":[67,202,209],"real":[69],"time":[70],"on":[71,94,179,203],"any":[72,107,161],"local":[73,87,116,136],"network.":[74],"A":[75],"new":[76,131,169],"machine":[77],"learning":[78,123],"approach":[79],"was":[80],"developed":[81],"classify":[83],"from":[86,140,187],"earthquakes.":[88],"The":[89,110,151,168,190],"resulting":[90],"model":[91,111,162,170,191],"based":[93],"spectrograms":[95],"and":[96,105,118,175,196],"utilizes":[97],"transformer":[99],"architecture":[100],"with":[101,184],"a":[102,145],"self-attention":[103],"mechanism":[104],"without":[106,207],"convolution":[108],"blocks.":[109],"general":[113],"for":[114,160,199],"various":[115],"networks":[117],"has":[119],"only":[120],"57":[121],"k":[122],"parameters.":[124],"To":[125],"assess":[126],"generalization":[128,166],"property,":[129],"two":[130,141],"datasets":[132],"were":[133,153],"developed,":[134],"containing":[135],"earthquake":[137],"data":[138,152],"collected":[139],"different":[142],"regions":[143],"wide":[146],"variety":[147],"instruments.":[150],"not":[154],"involved":[155],"training":[158],"process":[159],"estimate":[164],"property.":[167],"exhibits":[171],"best":[173],"classification":[174],"computation":[176],"performance":[177],"results":[178],"its":[180],"pre-trained":[181],"weights":[182],"compared":[183],"baseline":[185],"models":[186],"related":[188],"work.":[189],"code":[192],"available":[194],"online":[195],"ready":[198],"day-to-day":[200],"real-time":[201],"conventional":[204],"equipment":[206],"graphics":[208],"units.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
