{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201381664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186206","title":"Measuring Vehicle Profile Size: Lidar-Based System and K-Frame-Based Methodology","display_name":"Measuring Vehicle Profile Size: Lidar-Based System and K-Frame-Based Methodology","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201381664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186206","mag":"3201381664","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6206/pdf?version=1631790864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6206/pdf?version=1631790864","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102890729","display_name":"Zhang Qiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-3774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-3774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413075","display_name":"Zihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6953-0470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125933","display_name":"Zhejiang Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bt6bb31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125933"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Transportation and Acoustical Metrology, Zhejiang Institute of Metrology, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Transportation and Acoustical Metrology, Zhejiang Institute of Metrology, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019114469","display_name":"Jianwen Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-7646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125933","display_name":"Zhejiang Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/02bt6bb31","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125933"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwen Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Transportation and Acoustical Metrology, Zhejiang Institute of Metrology, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Transportation and Acoustical Metrology, Zhejiang Institute of Metrology, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083362297","display_name":"Libo Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libo Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001383535","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4678-1936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4678-1936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001383535"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0915,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41214784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"6206","last_page":"6206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.9405549764633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.7036041021347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.6036749482154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5967886447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.5459347367286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3714049160480499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3627132177352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23118528723716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13023951649665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11110475659370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07139897346496582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.9405549764633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7036041021347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.6036749482154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5967886447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.5459347367286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3714049160480499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3627132177352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23118528723716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13023951649665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11110475659370422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07139897346496582}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6206/pdf?version=1631790864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34577413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4b5ee211ef34b79991ea5dd593fbb9b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4b5ee211ef34b79991ea5dd593fbb9b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 18, p 6206 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7358121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8469818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/18/6206/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 18; Pages: 6206","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8469818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8469818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186206","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6206/pdf?version=1631790864","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6559537655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0104001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201381664.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3201381664.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562081698","https://openalex.org/W1781469547","https://openalex.org/W1975287964","https://openalex.org/W1991738646","https://openalex.org/W1996474664","https://openalex.org/W1998402745","https://openalex.org/W1998957178","https://openalex.org/W2020175583","https://openalex.org/W2035227092","https://openalex.org/W2060699915","https://openalex.org/W2064694260","https://openalex.org/W2069486802","https://openalex.org/W2070209704","https://openalex.org/W2080767661","https://openalex.org/W2123986772","https://openalex.org/W2255560008","https://openalex.org/W2361025215","https://openalex.org/W2522379694","https://openalex.org/W2592936459","https://openalex.org/W2624890075","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2761723268","https://openalex.org/W2770768849","https://openalex.org/W2778844111","https://openalex.org/W2793945328","https://openalex.org/W2794578160","https://openalex.org/W2804018353","https://openalex.org/W2884193862","https://openalex.org/W2886187465","https://openalex.org/W2889009671","https://openalex.org/W2897186501","https://openalex.org/W2938381355","https://openalex.org/W2971987269","https://openalex.org/W3143067499","https://openalex.org/W6634956034","https://openalex.org/W6707697118","https://openalex.org/W6733983412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"light":[2],"curtain":[3],"is":[4,16,36,45,66,85,139],"a":[5,29,33,63],"widely-used":[6],"method":[7],"to":[8,18,103,121],"measure":[9],"the":[10,61,88,93,105,110,135,144],"vehicle":[11,40],"profile":[12,41],"size.":[13,42],"However,":[14],"it":[15],"sensitive":[17],"temperature,":[19],"humidity,":[20],"dust":[21],"and":[22,56,107,113,126],"other":[23,127],"weather":[24],"factors.":[25],"In":[26,92],"this":[27],"paper,":[28],"lidar-based":[30,128],"system":[31,44,112],"with":[32,123],"K-frame-based":[34,64,137],"algorithm":[35,72,82],"proposed":[37,111,136],"for":[38],"measuring":[39],"The":[43,115,130],"composed":[46],"of":[47,76,99,109],"left":[48],"lidar,":[49,51,53],"right":[50],"front":[52],"control":[54],"box":[55],"industry":[57],"controlling":[58],"computer.":[59],"Within":[60],"system,":[62],"methodology":[65,138],"investigated,":[67],"which":[68],"include":[69],"several":[70],"probable":[71],"combinations.":[73],"Three":[74],"groups":[75],"experiments":[77,118],"are":[78,101,119],"conducted.":[79],"An":[80],"optimal":[81],"combination,":[83],"A16,":[84],"determined":[86],"through":[87],"first":[89],"group":[90,95,117],"experiments.":[91],"second":[94],"experiments,":[96],"various":[97],"types":[98],"vehicles":[100],"chosen":[102],"verify":[104],"generality":[106],"repeatability":[108],"methodology.":[114],"third":[116],"implemented":[120],"compare":[122],"vision-based":[124],"methods":[125],"methods.":[129,146],"experimental":[131],"results":[132],"show":[133],"that":[134],"far":[140],"more":[141],"accurate":[142],"than":[143],"comparative":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
