{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199974695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186178","title":"A Multi-Image Encryption Based on Sinusoidal Coding Frequency Multiplexing and Deep Learning","display_name":"A Multi-Image Encryption Based on Sinusoidal Coding Frequency Multiplexing and Deep Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199974695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186178","mag":"3199974695","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186178","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6178/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6178/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350280","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-5543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024503988","display_name":"Xiangfeng Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-1862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangfeng Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-1862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082669689","display_name":"Yongkai Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongkai Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-3428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007685021","display_name":"Huazheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024503988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75992188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"6178","last_page":"6178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.8772298693656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5834305286407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.482778936624527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plaintext","display_name":"Plaintext","score":0.48066437244415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4772472381591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.420975923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.41175705194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34462112188339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12266364693641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08688110113143921}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.8772298693656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5834305286407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.482778936624527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.48066437244415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4772472381591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.420975923538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.41175705194473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34462112188339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12266364693641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08688110113143921}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186178","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6178/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34577385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ecc21553c71c4ae292a71d6c4c80e501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ecc21553c71c4ae292a71d6c4c80e501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 18, p 6178 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7359169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8470889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/18/6178/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 18; Pages: 6178","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8470889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8470889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186178","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6178/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3759145780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018GGX101002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6457903655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2019QF006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8106512443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61775121, 11574311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199974695.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199974695.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1682410435","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1975926547","https://openalex.org/W2012946078","https://openalex.org/W2017154124","https://openalex.org/W2038175321","https://openalex.org/W2041783149","https://openalex.org/W2049763394","https://openalex.org/W2068820542","https://openalex.org/W2069089470","https://openalex.org/W2078646594","https://openalex.org/W2092679170","https://openalex.org/W2108386861","https://openalex.org/W2131966839","https://openalex.org/W2139929113","https://openalex.org/W2142980655","https://openalex.org/W2146360671","https://openalex.org/W2256362396","https://openalex.org/W2273561594","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2439025005","https://openalex.org/W2483224204","https://openalex.org/W2516154158","https://openalex.org/W2575351581","https://openalex.org/W2593966629","https://openalex.org/W2761974185","https://openalex.org/W2772609332","https://openalex.org/W2960681070","https://openalex.org/W2969555319","https://openalex.org/W2980003370","https://openalex.org/W2989646105","https://openalex.org/W2995332341","https://openalex.org/W2995730475","https://openalex.org/W2996918722","https://openalex.org/W3008676360","https://openalex.org/W3102747042","https://openalex.org/W3104103303","https://openalex.org/W3109641926","https://openalex.org/W3160711790","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6722205962","https://openalex.org/W6745265444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W1997872857","https://openalex.org/W2362689357","https://openalex.org/W2365982350","https://openalex.org/W2508016950","https://openalex.org/W2073145422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-image":[0],"encryption":[1,9,13,36,53,184,207],"technology":[2],"is":[3,48,75,109,125,186],"a":[4,18,33,55,79,86],"vital":[5],"branch":[6],"of":[7,21,54,58,63,94,97,121,131,170,181,190,212,215],"optical":[8],"technology.":[10],"The":[11,179,206],"traditional":[12],"method":[14,37,185,208],"can":[15,99,142,155,174],"only":[16],"encrypt":[17],"small":[19],"number":[20,57],"images,":[22],"which":[23],"greatly":[24],"restricts":[25],"its":[26],"application":[27],"in":[28,72,102,188],"practice.":[29],"In":[30,60,118],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"new":[34],"multi-image":[35],"based":[38],"on":[39],"sinusoidal":[40,88],"stripe":[41],"coding":[42],"frequency":[43,93,105],"multiplexing":[44],"and":[45,69,82,111,134,150,200,219],"deep":[46,123],"learning":[47,124],"proposed":[49,183],"to":[50,113,127,202],"realize":[51],"the":[52,61,91,103,115,119,129,135,139,146,152,168,171,182,210],"greater":[56],"images.":[59],"process":[62,120],"encryption,":[64],"several":[65],"images":[66,98,165],"are":[67,166],"grouped,":[68],"each":[70,73,95],"image":[71,133,154],"group":[74,96,108],"first":[76],"encoded":[77],"with":[78,85],"random":[80],"matrix":[81],"then":[83,151],"modulated":[84],"specific":[87],"stripe;":[89],"therefore,":[90],"dominant":[92],"be":[100,143,156],"separated":[101],"Fourier":[104],"domain.":[106],"Each":[107],"superimposed":[110],"scrambled":[112],"generate":[114],"final":[116],"ciphertext.":[117],"decryption,":[122],"used":[126],"improve":[128],"quality":[130],"decrypted":[132,172],"decryption":[136,221],"speed.":[137,222],"Specifically,":[138],"obtained":[140],"ciphertext":[141],"sent":[144],"into":[145],"trained":[147],"neural":[148],"network":[149],"plaintext":[153],"reconstructed":[157],"directly.":[158],"Experimental":[159],"analysis":[160,199],"shows":[161],"that":[162],"when":[163],"32":[164],"encrypted,":[167],"CC":[169],"result":[173],"reach":[175],"more":[176],"than":[177],"0.99.":[178],"efficiency":[180],"proved":[187],"terms":[189],"histogram":[191],"analysis,":[192,196],"adjacent":[193],"pixels":[194],"correlation":[195],"anti-noise":[197],"attack":[198],"resistance":[201],"occlusion":[203],"attacks":[204],"analysis.":[205],"has":[209],"advantages":[211],"large":[213],"amount":[214],"information,":[216],"good":[217],"robustness":[218],"fast":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
