{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200987101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186171","title":"Identification of Multiple Cracks in Composite Laminated Beams Using Perturbation to Dynamic Equilibrium","display_name":"Identification of Multiple Cracks in Composite Laminated Beams Using Perturbation to Dynamic Equilibrium","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200987101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186171","mag":"3200987101","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6171/pdf?version=1631667831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6171/pdf?version=1631667831","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113608812","display_name":"Aimin Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aimin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064130833","display_name":"Maosen Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6640-1905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maosen Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016522364","display_name":"Qitian Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qitian Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623940","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-3646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-3646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Wind Power Structural Engineering Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100623940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6753,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67549514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"6171","last_page":"6171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-doppler-vibrometer","display_name":"Laser Doppler vibrometer","score":0.7300508618354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.577528178691864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.5732736587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transverse-plane","display_name":"Transverse plane","score":0.5631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.5532082915306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5007481575012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.4744742214679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4696696698665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2596692144870758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.24159228801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2380487024784088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1918397843837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.18134206533432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14473602175712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-beams","display_name":"Laser beams","score":0.09567669034004211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96199931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724132","display_name":"Laser Doppler vibrometer","level":4,"score":0.7300508618354797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.577528178691864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5732736587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.5631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.5532082915306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5007481575012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.4744742214679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4696696698665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2596692144870758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.24159228801727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2380487024784088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1918397843837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.18134206533432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14473602175712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984025587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser beams","level":3,"score":0.09567669034004211}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6171/pdf?version=1631667831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34577378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:af7ea0c5c8f744b4b48fb32162f14c12","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/af7ea0c5c8f744b4b48fb32162f14c12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 18, p 6171 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7364257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8472946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/18/6171/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 18; Pages: 6171","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8472946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8472946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6171/pdf?version=1631667831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3943417307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11772115 and U1765204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4004159848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20171439","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4826855553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019B52914","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200987101.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972496700","https://openalex.org/W1976288282","https://openalex.org/W1992634216","https://openalex.org/W1999104646","https://openalex.org/W2002629755","https://openalex.org/W2008946132","https://openalex.org/W2015707443","https://openalex.org/W2019635249","https://openalex.org/W2031867994","https://openalex.org/W2035635843","https://openalex.org/W2036445262","https://openalex.org/W2052120884","https://openalex.org/W2053551829","https://openalex.org/W2059015043","https://openalex.org/W2064155690","https://openalex.org/W2080375333","https://openalex.org/W2137857599","https://openalex.org/W2188431783","https://openalex.org/W2288119672","https://openalex.org/W2625690735","https://openalex.org/W2626965471","https://openalex.org/W2787088896","https://openalex.org/W2994827950","https://openalex.org/W3004261706","https://openalex.org/W3088620946","https://openalex.org/W3093510651","https://openalex.org/W3121081395","https://openalex.org/W6687469214","https://openalex.org/W6748141685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199221649","https://openalex.org/W2794789911","https://openalex.org/W4298134547","https://openalex.org/W1559463472","https://openalex.org/W1975932505","https://openalex.org/W2122976425","https://openalex.org/W2088773039","https://openalex.org/W2284229495","https://openalex.org/W4320005009","https://openalex.org/W3049605110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identification":[0],"of":[1,12,23,40,52,81,93,108,113,125,144,177,195,202,204],"cracks":[2,83,197],"in":[3,37,57,84,100,174,199],"beam-type":[4],"components":[5],"is":[6,45,76,116,128,162,186],"significant":[7],"to":[8,73,164,168,171,188,192],"ensure":[9],"the":[10,15,21,50,79,90,98,106,114,120,126,141,166,175,190,200],"safety":[11],"structures.":[13],"Among":[14],"approaches":[16],"relying":[17],"on":[18,71,131],"mode":[19,142,205],"shapes,":[20],"concept":[22,51],"transverse":[24,91],"pseudo-force":[25],"(TPF)":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"well":[29],"proved":[30],"for":[31,78,105],"single":[32],"and":[33,54,179],"multiple":[34,82,109],"crack":[35],"identification":[36,80,107],"beams":[38],"made":[39],"isotropic":[41],"materials;":[42],"however,":[43],"there":[44],"a":[46,101,132,153,159],"noticeable":[47],"gap":[48],"between":[49],"TPF":[53,67,99],"its":[55],"applications":[56],"composite":[58,85,102],"laminated":[59,86,103,136],"beams.":[60,87],"To":[61],"fill":[62],"this":[63,95],"gap,":[64],"an":[65,183],"enhanced":[66],"approach":[68,115,127,167,191],"that":[69],"relies":[70],"perturbation":[72],"dynamic":[74],"equilibrium":[75],"proposed":[77],"Starting":[88],"from":[89],"equation":[92],"motion,":[94],"study":[96],"formulates":[97],"beam":[104,137],"cracks.":[110],"The":[111,123],"capability":[112],"numerically":[117],"verified":[118],"using":[119,152],"FE":[121],"method.":[122],"applicability":[124],"experimentally":[129],"validated":[130],"carbon":[133],"fiber-reinforced":[134],"polymer":[135],"with":[138],"three":[139],"cracks,":[140],"shapes":[143],"which":[145],"are":[146],"acquired":[147],"through":[148],"non-contact":[149],"vibration":[150],"measurement":[151],"scanning":[154],"laser":[155],"vibrometer.":[156],"In":[157],"particular,":[158],"statistic":[160],"manner":[161],"utilized":[163,187],"enable":[165,189],"be":[169,193],"feasible":[170],"real":[172],"scenarios":[173],"absence":[176],"material":[178],"structural":[180],"information;":[181],"besides,":[182],"integrating":[184],"scheme":[185],"capable":[194],"identifying":[196],"even":[198],"vicinity":[201],"nodes":[203],"shapes.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
