{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200113909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186133","title":"On the Importance of Characterizing Virtual PMUs for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Twin Applications","display_name":"On the Importance of Characterizing Virtual PMUs for Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Twin Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200113909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186133","mag":"3200113909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6133/pdf?version=1632366853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6133/pdf?version=1632366853","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012455420","display_name":"Alessandro Mingotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Mingotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-1277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081105030","display_name":"Federica Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0701-1621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federica Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0701-1621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028278628","display_name":"Diego Cavaliere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-426X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Cavaliere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-426X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018213030","display_name":"Lorenzo Peretto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-2056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Peretto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-2056","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088604112","display_name":"Roberto Tinarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-2421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Tinarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-2421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012455420"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8686,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70947807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"6133","last_page":"6133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.7216585278511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5809741020202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-in-the-loop-simulation","display_name":"Hardware-in-the-loop simulation","score":0.552553117275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.5345045328140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5247752070426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.5020904541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.46092933416366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4594598114490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.4360790550708771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40290501713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3662824332714081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.36323145031929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34523460268974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3333563506603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2734205722808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15907064080238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13794460892677307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.7216585278511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5809741020202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142371","display_name":"Hardware-in-the-loop simulation","level":2,"score":0.552553117275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.5345045328140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5247752070426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.5020904541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.46092933416366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4594598114490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.4360790550708771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40290501713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3662824332714081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36323145031929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34523460268974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3333563506603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2734205722808838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15907064080238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13794460892677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6133/pdf?version=1632366853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34577340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/832515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c13ab6f69249445eb2b1fd6a8f25e023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c13ab6f69249445eb2b1fd6a8f25e023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 18, p 6133 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7358449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8470147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/18/6133/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 18; Pages: 6133","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8470147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8470147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6133/pdf?version=1632366853","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5479504902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"883710","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7961056894","display_name":"Providing flexibility to the grid by enabling VPPs to offer both fast and slow dynamics control services","funder_award_id":"883710","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335254","display_name":"Horizon 2020","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200113909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200113909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496163093","https://openalex.org/W1964768382","https://openalex.org/W2003208907","https://openalex.org/W2024588789","https://openalex.org/W2031548717","https://openalex.org/W2032260492","https://openalex.org/W2085215771","https://openalex.org/W2091143175","https://openalex.org/W2093046354","https://openalex.org/W2129295779","https://openalex.org/W2131016262","https://openalex.org/W2146550303","https://openalex.org/W2149087321","https://openalex.org/W2156002823","https://openalex.org/W2156770773","https://openalex.org/W2276741862","https://openalex.org/W2314512895","https://openalex.org/W2499018579","https://openalex.org/W2561708555","https://openalex.org/W2562386792","https://openalex.org/W2563693215","https://openalex.org/W2566970223","https://openalex.org/W2580503781","https://openalex.org/W2583708305","https://openalex.org/W2616427359","https://openalex.org/W2738401267","https://openalex.org/W2769041567","https://openalex.org/W2786820087","https://openalex.org/W2789824933","https://openalex.org/W2795298520","https://openalex.org/W2797584372","https://openalex.org/W2806330554","https://openalex.org/W2890316071","https://openalex.org/W2898071271","https://openalex.org/W2901388029","https://openalex.org/W2902892600","https://openalex.org/W2903445840","https://openalex.org/W2911720493","https://openalex.org/W2912301498","https://openalex.org/W2952483415","https://openalex.org/W2953522926","https://openalex.org/W2968948018","https://openalex.org/W2973330463","https://openalex.org/W2975381958","https://openalex.org/W2980538932","https://openalex.org/W2984492272","https://openalex.org/W2986533589","https://openalex.org/W2990357637","https://openalex.org/W2990656597","https://openalex.org/W2998866143","https://openalex.org/W3003941917","https://openalex.org/W3004687595","https://openalex.org/W3010341385","https://openalex.org/W3010839043","https://openalex.org/W3011171617","https://openalex.org/W3013038842","https://openalex.org/W3016718084","https://openalex.org/W3024082297","https://openalex.org/W3046120908","https://openalex.org/W3085258098","https://openalex.org/W3085749697","https://openalex.org/W3095189904","https://openalex.org/W3097373118","https://openalex.org/W3097390462","https://openalex.org/W3097860843","https://openalex.org/W3110663057","https://openalex.org/W3119014217","https://openalex.org/W3123778844","https://openalex.org/W3134621876","https://openalex.org/W3167549586","https://openalex.org/W3176290483","https://openalex.org/W6784874058","https://openalex.org/W6893768414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028471916","https://openalex.org/W2547260311","https://openalex.org/W1589114377","https://openalex.org/W2154842468","https://openalex.org/W2536794900","https://openalex.org/W1538400183","https://openalex.org/W2564500233","https://openalex.org/W1995635042","https://openalex.org/W2999493000","https://openalex.org/W2025215636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,18],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,11,15,30,39,44,59,78,82,86,89,101,108,111,130,138,141,151,158,162,168,198,208,215,223,233,236,247],"introduction":[4],"of":[5,13,28,34,81,88,100,153,157,200,235,246],"real-time":[6,79],"simulators":[7],"(RTS)":[8],"has":[9],"changed":[10],"way":[12],"researching":[14],"power":[16],"network.":[17],"particular,":[19],"researchers":[20],"and":[21,33,47,64,71,92,103,123,140,187,214,268],"system":[22],"operators":[23],"(SOs)":[24],"are":[25,120,134],"now":[26],"capable":[27],"simulating":[29],"complete":[31],"network":[32,60,83,113],"making":[35],"it":[36],"interact":[37],"with":[38],"real":[40],"world":[41],"thanks":[42],"to":[43,136,189,230,251,261],"hardware-in-the-loop":[45],"(HIL)":[46],"digital":[48],"twin":[49],"(DT)":[50],"concepts.":[51],"Such":[52],"tools":[53],"create":[54],"infinite":[55],"scenarios":[56],"in":[57,222],"which":[58],"can":[61,258],"be":[62,259],"tested":[63,186],"virtually":[65],"monitored":[66],"to,":[67],"for":[68],"example,":[69],"predict":[70],"avoid":[72,252],"faults":[73],"or":[74,239],"energy":[75],"shortages.":[76],"Furthermore,":[77],"monitoring":[80],"allows":[84],"estimating":[85],"status":[87],"electrical":[90],"assets":[91],"consequently":[93],"undertake":[94],"their":[95],"predictive":[96],"maintenance.":[97],"The":[98,255],"success":[99],"HIL":[102,139,267],"DT":[104,269],"application":[105],"relies":[106],"on":[107],"fact":[109],"that":[110,232,265],"simulated":[112],"elements":[114,160],"(cables,":[115],"generation,":[116],"accessories,":[117],"converters,":[118],"etc.)":[119],"correctly":[121],"modeled":[122],"characterized.":[124],"This":[125],"is":[126,171,185,205,212,227,249],"particularly":[127],"true":[128],"if":[129],"RTS":[131,163,242],"acquisition":[132],"capabilities":[133],"used":[135],"enable":[137],"DT.":[142],"To":[143,176,194],"this":[144,146,177],"purpose,":[145,178],"work":[147],"aims":[148],"at":[149],"emphasizing":[150],"role":[152,221],"a":[154,179,201],"preliminary":[155],"characterization":[156,199,234],"virtual":[159,180,202,209,237],"inside":[161,241],"system,":[164],"experimentally":[165],"verifying":[166],"how":[167],"overall":[169,224],"performance":[170],"significantly":[172],"affected":[173],"by":[174],"them.":[175],"phasor":[181],"measurement":[182],"unit":[183],"(PMU)":[184],"characterized":[188],"understand":[190],"its":[191,219],"uncertainty":[192],"contribution.":[193],"achieve":[195],"that,":[196],"firstly,":[197],"PMU":[203,210],"calibrator":[204],"described.":[206],"Afterward,":[207],"calibration":[211],"performed,":[213],"results":[216],"clearly":[217],"highlight":[218],"key":[220],"uncertainty.":[225],"It":[226],"then":[228],"possible":[229],"conclude":[231],"elements,":[238],"models,":[240],"systems":[243],"(omitted":[244],"most":[245],"time)":[248],"fundamental":[250],"wrong":[253],"results.":[254],"same":[256],"concepts":[257],"extended":[260],"all":[262],"those":[263],"fields":[264],"exploit":[266],"capabilities.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
