{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197395848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186018","title":"A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles","display_name":"A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197395848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186018","mag":"3197395848","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186018","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6018/pdf?version=1631151731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6018/pdf?version=1631151731","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063662573","display_name":"Victor R. Kebande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-4596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor R. Kebande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science (DIDA), Blekinge Institute of Technology, 37179 Karlskrona, Sweden","Department of Computer Science, Electrical & Space Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, 97187 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (DIDA), Blekinge Institute of Technology, 37179 Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical & Space Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, 97187 Lule\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065801245","display_name":"Feras M. Awaysheh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9561-6099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feras M. Awaysheh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, Data Systems Research Group, Tartu University, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, Data Systems Research Group, Tartu University, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001801878","display_name":"Richard A. Ikuesan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-2314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116586","display_name":"Community College of Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/01psb9158","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116586"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Ikuesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber and Network Security Department, Community College Qatar, Doha 00974, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-2314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber and Network Security Department, Community College Qatar, Doha 00974, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050385229","display_name":"Sadi Alawadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-2892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadi A. Alawadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-2892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027946901","display_name":"Mohammad Dahman Alshehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9520-330X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Dahman Alshehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9520-330X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065801245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":11.0913,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98368274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"6018","last_page":"6018"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7734813094139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6852281093597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6229526996612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5354127883911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4272536635398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4140075743198395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4132535457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36365044116973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10138395428657532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7734813094139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6852281093597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6229526996612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5354127883911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4272536635398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4140075743198395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4132535457611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36365044116973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10138395428657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186018","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6018/pdf?version=1631151731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34577224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34577224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:bth-22143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-22143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-87014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-457475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-457475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article in journal"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be70c47f198f4b2680d332b6fe1f8a8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be70c47f198f4b2680d332b6fe1f8a8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 18, p 6018 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:7356967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC8468649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/18/6018/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 18; Pages: 6018","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8468649","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8468649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21186018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186018","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6018/pdf?version=1631151731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197395848.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197395848.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1136523252","https://openalex.org/W1963541334","https://openalex.org/W1999863358","https://openalex.org/W2034747014","https://openalex.org/W2254606276","https://openalex.org/W2518268623","https://openalex.org/W2526450411","https://openalex.org/W2547151413","https://openalex.org/W2560139372","https://openalex.org/W2561624330","https://openalex.org/W2588585573","https://openalex.org/W2606264744","https://openalex.org/W2765691218","https://openalex.org/W2767503910","https://openalex.org/W2803381513","https://openalex.org/W2805157797","https://openalex.org/W2883995567","https://openalex.org/W2887708302","https://openalex.org/W2890076025","https://openalex.org/W2892174470","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2897964703","https://openalex.org/W2900420305","https://openalex.org/W2902446797","https://openalex.org/W2912400914","https://openalex.org/W2914703413","https://openalex.org/W2934277901","https://openalex.org/W2947830290","https://openalex.org/W2957191013","https://openalex.org/W2966753637","https://openalex.org/W2973521133","https://openalex.org/W2982366175","https://openalex.org/W2982382146","https://openalex.org/W2982541304","https://openalex.org/W2983707097","https://openalex.org/W2986264895","https://openalex.org/W2990405355","https://openalex.org/W2996207699","https://openalex.org/W3000142059","https://openalex.org/W3006033072","https://openalex.org/W3011994245","https://openalex.org/W3019828913","https://openalex.org/W3029751112","https://openalex.org/W3036530031","https://openalex.org/W3037361310","https://openalex.org/W3044823648","https://openalex.org/W3084020249","https://openalex.org/W3084999539","https://openalex.org/W3090425922","https://openalex.org/W3104156304","https://openalex.org/W3104953546","https://openalex.org/W3112330392","https://openalex.org/W3120970772","https://openalex.org/W3127643186","https://openalex.org/W3133877534","https://openalex.org/W3135849140","https://openalex.org/W3139926532","https://openalex.org/W3150046051","https://openalex.org/W3158725392","https://openalex.org/W3178107049","https://openalex.org/W4244982128","https://openalex.org/W4255535209","https://openalex.org/W6754423956","https://openalex.org/W6786965688","https://openalex.org/W6792248482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2039540146","https://openalex.org/W2995938785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"and":[1,6,21,107,152,160,169,180,185,222],"emerging":[2],"advances":[3],"in":[4,205],"Information":[5],"Communication":[7],"Technology":[8],"(ICT)":[9],"have":[10],"enabled":[11],"Internet-of-Things":[12],"(IoT)-to-Cloud":[13],"applications":[14],"to":[15,34,53,67,126,136,200],"be":[16],"induced":[17],"by":[18,150],"data":[19],"pipelines":[20],"Edge":[22],"Intelligence-based":[23],"architectures.":[24],"Advanced":[25],"vehicular":[26,105],"networks":[27],"greatly":[28],"benefit":[29],"from":[30],"these":[31],"architectures":[32],"due":[33,66],"the":[35,43,81,120,127,145,156,175,191,195,211,219],"implicit":[36],"functionalities":[37],"that":[38,97,118,194],"are":[39],"focused":[40],"on":[41,155,210],"realizing":[42],"Internet":[44],"of":[45,115,158,190,218],"Vehicle":[46],"(IoV)":[47],"vision.":[48],"However,":[49],"IoV":[50],"is":[51,75,197],"susceptible":[52],"attacks,":[54],"where":[55],"adversaries":[56],"can":[57],"easily":[58],"exploit":[59],"existing":[60],"vulnerabilities.":[61],"Several":[62],"attacks":[63,204],"may":[64],"succeed":[65],"inadequate":[68],"or":[69],"ineffective":[70],"authentication":[71,82,95,147,182],"techniques.":[72],"Hence,":[73],"there":[74],"a":[76,92,116,133],"timely":[77],"need":[78],"for":[79,104,132,174],"hardening":[80],"process":[83],"through":[84],"cutting-edge":[85],"access":[86],"control":[87],"mechanisms.":[88],"This":[89],"paper":[90],"proposes":[91],"Blockchain-based":[93],"Multi-Factor":[94],"model":[96,113,214],"uses":[98],"an":[99,141,163,170,206],"embedded":[100,164],"Digital":[101],"Signature":[102],"(MFBC_eDS)":[103],"clouds":[106],"Cloud-enabled":[108],"IoV.":[109],"Our":[110],"proposed":[111,184],"MFBC_eDS":[112,139],"consists":[114],"scheme":[117,148],"integrates":[119],"Security":[121],"Assertion":[122],"Mark-up":[123],"Language":[124],"(SAML)":[125],"Single":[128],"Sign-On":[129],"(SSO)":[130],"capabilities":[131],"connected":[134],"edge":[135],"cloud":[137],"ecosystem.":[138],"draws":[140],"essential":[142],"comparison":[143],"with":[144],"baseline":[146],"suggested":[149],"Karla":[151,159,179],"Sood.":[153],"Based":[154],"foundations":[157],"Sood's":[161,181],"scheme,":[162],"Probabilistic":[165],"Polynomial-Time":[166],"Algorithm":[167],"(ePPTA)":[168],"additional":[171],"Hash":[172],"function":[173],"Pi":[176],"generated":[177],"during":[178],"were":[183],"discussed.":[186],"The":[187],"preliminary":[188],"analysis":[189],"proposition":[192],"shows":[193],"approach":[196],"more":[198],"suitable":[199],"counter":[201],"major":[202],"adversarial":[203,213],"IoV-centered":[207],"environment":[208],"based":[209],"Dolev-Yao":[212],"while":[215],"satisfying":[216],"aspects":[217],"Confidentiality,":[220],"Integrity,":[221],"Availability":[223],"(CIA)":[224],"triad.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
