{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198085176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175804","title":"Non-Destructive Identification of Naturally Aged Alfalfa Seeds via Multispectral Imaging Analysis","display_name":"Non-Destructive Identification of Naturally Aged Alfalfa Seeds via Multispectral Imaging Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198085176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175804","mag":"3198085176","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21175804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175804","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5804/pdf?version=1630383256","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5804/pdf?version=1630383256","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023645826","display_name":"Xuemeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-0196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399252","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101493522","display_name":"Rui Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4872-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051769186","display_name":"Xin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-2750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082567253","display_name":"Peisheng Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-0949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peisheng Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-0949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070471829","display_name":"Shangang Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shangang Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-7637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070471829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.8695,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90276608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"17","first_page":"5804","last_page":"5804"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11098","display_name":"Seed Germination and Physiology","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.7981144189834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7917993068695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7449753284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germination","display_name":"Germination","score":0.6671561002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6584565043449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5080902576446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.46088433265686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","score":0.454780250787735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.43127164244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4132035970687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.4073750972747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3678482472896576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.30080634355545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.2710813283920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24684470891952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2145480215549469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.7981144189834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7917993068695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7449753284454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.6671561002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6584565043449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5080902576446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.46088433265686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.454780250787735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43127164244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4132035970687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.4073750972747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3678482472896576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30080634355545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.2710813283920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24684470891952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2145480215549469}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000455","descriptor_name":"Medicago sativa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000455","descriptor_name":"Medicago sativa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000455","descriptor_name":"Medicago sativa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012639","descriptor_name":"Seeds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018525","descriptor_name":"Germination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018525","descriptor_name":"Germination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018525","descriptor_name":"Germination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21175804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175804","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5804/pdf?version=1630383256","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34502695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:031f5dc60e2e42c583377517360fc223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/031f5dc60e2e42c583377517360fc223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 17, p 5804 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/17/5804/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 17; Pages: 5804","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8434479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8434479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21175804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175804","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5804/pdf?version=1630383256","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198085176.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198085176.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130696376","https://openalex.org/W1499951834","https://openalex.org/W1981541288","https://openalex.org/W1988975411","https://openalex.org/W2072144487","https://openalex.org/W2120167066","https://openalex.org/W2158498253","https://openalex.org/W2167404120","https://openalex.org/W2195069286","https://openalex.org/W2260427180","https://openalex.org/W2304445497","https://openalex.org/W2317269331","https://openalex.org/W2318004018","https://openalex.org/W2319700464","https://openalex.org/W2367772578","https://openalex.org/W2471459496","https://openalex.org/W2563836941","https://openalex.org/W2623773249","https://openalex.org/W2775957801","https://openalex.org/W2795361213","https://openalex.org/W2810191605","https://openalex.org/W2910512548","https://openalex.org/W2917883159","https://openalex.org/W2942216804","https://openalex.org/W2945363610","https://openalex.org/W2950309476","https://openalex.org/W2998490552","https://openalex.org/W3002418993","https://openalex.org/W3007760467","https://openalex.org/W3009609730","https://openalex.org/W3012256583","https://openalex.org/W3034671962","https://openalex.org/W3049425499","https://openalex.org/W3080396356","https://openalex.org/W3081517451","https://openalex.org/W3092947781","https://openalex.org/W3102809246","https://openalex.org/W3112498453","https://openalex.org/W3112519777","https://openalex.org/W3134781677","https://openalex.org/W3144894361","https://openalex.org/W3157439811","https://openalex.org/W3172630748","https://openalex.org/W4232362626","https://openalex.org/W6605388872","https://openalex.org/W6746597119","https://openalex.org/W6793135809","https://openalex.org/W6960984029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2052589448","https://openalex.org/W2765337000","https://openalex.org/W3104072235","https://openalex.org/W2391447249","https://openalex.org/W2312955079","https://openalex.org/W2350996391","https://openalex.org/W2066119650","https://openalex.org/W2059615944","https://openalex.org/W4224057882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Seed":[0],"aging":[1,56],"detection":[2],"and":[3,20,28,38,52,86,95,114,136,154,159,185],"viable":[4,96],"seed":[5,13,30,36],"prediction":[6],"are":[7,18],"of":[8,25,55,133,151,164,170],"great":[9],"significance":[10],"in":[11,35,123,156,166,195],"alfalfa":[12,57],"production,":[14],"but":[15],"traditional":[16],"methods":[17],"disposable":[19],"destructive.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"the":[23,102,146,168],"establishment":[24],"a":[26,182],"rapid":[27,184],"non-destructive":[29],"screening":[31],"method":[32],"is":[33],"necessary":[34],"industry":[37],"research.":[39],"In":[40,178],"this":[41],"study,":[42],"we":[43,64,180],"used":[44],"multispectral":[45],"imaging":[46],"technology":[47],"to":[48,92,176,188],"collect":[49],"morphological":[50],"features":[51],"spectral":[53],"traits":[54],"seeds":[58,126,141,172,191],"with":[59,149,192],"different":[60,108],"storage":[61],"years.":[62],"Then,":[63],"employed":[65],"five":[66],"multivariate":[67],"analysis":[68,73,77,90],"methods,":[69],"i.e.,":[70],"principal":[71],"component":[72],"(PCA),":[74],"linear":[75],"discrimination":[76],"(LDA),":[78],"support":[79],"vector":[80],"machines":[81],"(SVM),":[82],"random":[83],"forest":[84],"(RF)":[85],"normalized":[87],"canonical":[88],"discriminant":[89],"(nCDA)":[91],"predict":[93],"aged":[94,115,125,147,171,190],"seeds.":[97,116],"The":[98,162],"results":[99],"revealed":[100],"that":[101],"mean":[103],"light":[104],"reflectance":[105],"was":[106],"significantly":[107],"at":[109],"450~690":[110],"nm":[111],"between":[112],"non-aged":[113,128],"LDA":[117],"model":[118],"held":[119],"high":[120],"accuracy":[121,163],"(99.8~100.0%)":[122],"distinguishing":[124],"from":[127,145,174],"seeds,":[129,148],"higher":[130],"than":[131],"those":[132],"SVM":[134,158],"(87.4~99.3%)":[135],"RF":[137],"(84.6~99.3%).":[138],"Furthermore,":[139],"dead":[140],"could":[142],"be":[143],"distinguished":[144],"accuracies":[150],"69.7%,":[152],"72.0%":[153],"97.6%":[155],"RF,":[157],"LDA,":[160],"respectively.":[161],"nCDA":[165],"predicting":[167],"germination":[169],"ranged":[173],"75.0%":[175],"100.0%.":[177],"summary,":[179],"described":[181],"nondestructive,":[183],"high-throughput":[186],"approach":[187],"screen":[189],"various":[193],"viabilities":[194],"alfalfa.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}