{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195070756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175697","title":"Improving Animal Monitoring Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) and Deep Learning Networks","display_name":"Improving Animal Monitoring Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) and Deep Learning Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195070756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175697","mag":"3195070756","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21175697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5697/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5697/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072527192","display_name":"Meilun Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meilun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Oxford, MS 39762, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Oxford, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045201966","display_name":"Jared A. Elmore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-1561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jared A. Elmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Oxford, MS 39762, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-1561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Oxford, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019337252","display_name":"Sathishkumar Samiappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-883X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sathishkumar Samiappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Oxford, MS 39762, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-883X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, Oxford, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075998655","display_name":"Kristine O. Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-2383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristine O. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Oxford, MS 39762, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Oxford, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018082527","display_name":"Morgan B. Pfeiffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288380561","display_name":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0599wfz09","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155246","display_name":"National Wildlife Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05vw05p26","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4387155246"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgan B. Pfeiffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I4387155246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038646353","display_name":"Bradley F. Blackwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-8227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288380561","display_name":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0599wfz09","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155246","display_name":"National Wildlife Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05vw05p26","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4387155246"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley F. Blackwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Ohio Field Station, Sandusky, OH 44870, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288380561","https://openalex.org/I4387155246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086743510","display_name":"Raymond B. Iglay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-7244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond B. Iglay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Oxford, MS 39762, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Oxford, MS 39762, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019337252","https://openalex.org/A5045201966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.2522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87423534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"17","first_page":"5697","last_page":"5697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7781095504760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odocoileus","display_name":"Odocoileus","score":0.7310572862625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6721655130386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5987725853919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49118492007255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4502687454223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4448033273220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-neural-network","display_name":"Residual neural network","score":0.42435795068740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3305233120918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.324892520904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2546260356903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.21268662810325623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16243672370910645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7781095504760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775972322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334923","display_name":"Odocoileus","level":2,"score":0.7310572862625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6721655130386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5987725853919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49118492007255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4502687454223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4448033273220062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.42435795068740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3305233120918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.324892520904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2546260356903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.21268662810325623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16243672370910645}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003670","descriptor_name":"Deer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003670","descriptor_name":"Deer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003670","descriptor_name":"Deer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21175697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5697/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34502588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34502588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8433839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8433839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:icwdm_usdanwrc-3475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/2481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:775d1e3c7db3429e9196c34a97bee0e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/775d1e3c7db3429e9196c34a97bee0e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 17, p 5697 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/17/5697/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 17; Pages: 5697","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21175697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/17/5697/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5568115918","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AP20WSNWRC00C010 and AP20WSNWRC00C026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195070756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195070756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38661937","https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1774267230","https://openalex.org/W1994167151","https://openalex.org/W2034996255","https://openalex.org/W2050147107","https://openalex.org/W2076237237","https://openalex.org/W2089212648","https://openalex.org/W2114367267","https://openalex.org/W2130287418","https://openalex.org/W2131755223","https://openalex.org/W2134157280","https://openalex.org/W2135719821","https://openalex.org/W2143897835","https://openalex.org/W2161449553","https://openalex.org/W2200708944","https://openalex.org/W2273570228","https://openalex.org/W2299764710","https://openalex.org/W2331725058","https://openalex.org/W2483141174","https://openalex.org/W2527949113","https://openalex.org/W2547433272","https://openalex.org/W2598225981","https://openalex.org/W2737340643","https://openalex.org/W2754796650","https://openalex.org/W2767556927","https://openalex.org/W2782689936","https://openalex.org/W2803806104","https://openalex.org/W2809598685","https://openalex.org/W2894708587","https://openalex.org/W2898639335","https://openalex.org/W2902690187","https://openalex.org/W2914187338","https://openalex.org/W2921752589","https://openalex.org/W2929565236","https://openalex.org/W2936137334","https://openalex.org/W2952113774","https://openalex.org/W2962734882","https://openalex.org/W2963564750","https://openalex.org/W3039276560","https://openalex.org/W3082335925","https://openalex.org/W3118394139","https://openalex.org/W3127560734","https://openalex.org/W3139337190","https://openalex.org/W3160207589","https://openalex.org/W3165077739","https://openalex.org/W6601600049","https://openalex.org/W6628505203","https://openalex.org/W6635357040","https://openalex.org/W6679955751","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6694591797","https://openalex.org/W6737025884","https://openalex.org/W6744374892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883900106","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3213976941","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W4285161415","https://openalex.org/W2604192360","https://openalex.org/W4400659363","https://openalex.org/W3004029582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,72],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"small":[3,216],"unmanned":[4],"aircraft":[5],"systems":[6],"(sUAS)":[7],"have":[8],"been":[9],"used":[10,95],"widely":[11],"to":[12,23,26,31,34,63,103],"monitor":[13],"animals":[14,41,62,130,211],"because":[15,131],"of":[16,20,40,79,107,177,218,238,274],"their":[17],"customizability,":[18],"ease":[19],"operating,":[21],"ability":[22],"access":[24],"difficult":[25],"navigate":[27],"places,":[28],"and":[29,38,122,136,139,187,234,243,250,267],"potential":[30],"minimize":[32],"disturbance":[33],"animals.":[35,277],"Automatic":[36],"identification":[37,78,233],"classification":[39,87,157],"through":[42],"images":[43,106],"acquired":[44,166],"using":[45,83,168,213],"a":[46,96,214,226,235],"sUAS":[47,91,97],"may":[48,203],"solve":[49],"critical":[50],"problems":[51],"such":[52,66],"as":[53,67,146,148],"monitoring":[54],"large":[55],"areas":[56],"with":[57,99,198],"high":[58],"vehicle":[59],"traffic":[60],"for":[61,270],"prevent":[64],"collisions,":[65],"animal-aircraft":[68],"collisions":[69],"on":[70,90],"airports.":[71],"this":[73],"research":[74],"we":[75],"demonstrate":[76],"automated":[77],"four":[80,108,264],"animal":[81,86,110,232],"species":[82,161,265],"deep":[84,169,179,188],"learning":[85,170],"models":[88],"trained":[89],"collected":[92],"images.":[93],"We":[94,127,173],"mounted":[98],"visible":[100],"spectrum":[101],"cameras":[102],"capture":[104],"1288":[105],"different":[109],"species:":[111],"cattle":[112],"(Bos":[113],"taurus),":[114],"horses":[115],"(Equus":[116],"caballus),":[117],"Canada":[118,140],"Geese":[119,141],"(Branta":[120],"canadensis),":[121],"white-tailed":[123,137],"deer":[124,138],"(Odocoileus":[125],"virginianus).":[126],"chose":[128],"these":[129,160],"they":[132],"were":[133,248],"readily":[134],"accessible":[135],"are":[142],"considered":[143],"aviation":[144],"hazards,":[145],"well":[147],"being":[149],"easily":[150],"identifiable":[151],"within":[152],"aerial":[153],"imagery.":[154],"A":[155],"four-class":[156],"problem":[158],"involving":[159],"was":[162],"developed":[163],"from":[164],"the":[165,175,195,263],"data":[167],"neural":[171,180,184],"networks.":[172],"studied":[174],"performance":[176],"two":[178],"network":[181],"models,":[182],"convolutional":[183],"networks":[185,190],"(CNN)":[186],"residual":[189],"(ResNet).":[191],"Results":[192],"indicate":[193],"that":[194,256],"ResNet":[196,201,223,257],"model":[197],"18":[199],"layers,":[200],"18,":[202],"be":[204],"an":[205],"effective":[206,259],"algorithm":[207],"at":[208,260],"classifying":[209,271],"between":[210],"while":[212],"relatively":[215],"number":[217],"training":[219],"samples.":[220],"The":[221,240],"best":[222],"architecture":[224],"produced":[225,245],"99.18%":[227],"overall":[228],"accuracy":[229],"(OA)":[230],"in":[231],"Kappa":[236,244],"statistic":[237],"0.98.":[239],"highest":[241],"OA":[242],"by":[246],"CNN":[247],"84.55%":[249],"0.79":[251],"respectively.":[252],"These":[253],"findings":[254],"suggest":[255],"is":[258],"distinguishing":[261],"among":[262],"tested":[266],"shows":[268],"promise":[269],"larger":[272],"datasets":[273],"more":[275],"diverse":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-16T07:02:28.622633","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}