{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195152626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165609","title":"The Adaptive Dynamic Programming Toolbox","display_name":"The Adaptive Dynamic Programming Toolbox","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195152626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165609","mag":"3195152626","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5609/pdf?version=1629801479","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5609/pdf?version=1629801479","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031295932","display_name":"Xiaowei Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-9079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-9079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090203902","display_name":"Dong Eui Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-4189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Eui Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-4189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090203902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77996104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"16","first_page":"5609","last_page":"5609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10675","display_name":"Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices","score":0.9616000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.7375001907348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7242844700813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.665095329284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.6394141912460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolbox","display_name":"Toolbox","score":0.5993218421936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5739645957946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affine-transformation","display_name":"Affine transformation","score":0.5171017646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.49049967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4873674511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.45271456241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.4290071725845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3942984342575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3500153422355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20956242084503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13831835985183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12460175156593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11567610502243042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.7375001907348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7242844700813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.665095329284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.6394141912460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.5993218421936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5739645957946777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.5171017646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.49049967527389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4873674511909485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.45271456241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4290071725845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3942984342575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3500153422355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20956242084503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13831835985183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12460175156593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11567610502243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5609/pdf?version=1629801479","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34451052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:239df58e8f644e189832825003097eb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/239df58e8f644e189832825003097eb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 16, p 5609 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/16/5609/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 16; Pages: 5609","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8402451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8402451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165609","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5609/pdf?version=1629801479","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1818496470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD190031RD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","funder_display_name":"Agency for Defense Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2740687315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD190031RD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","funder_display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195152626.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492186721","https://openalex.org/W1528140509","https://openalex.org/W1972809999","https://openalex.org/W1977164425","https://openalex.org/W1998779332","https://openalex.org/W2011694027","https://openalex.org/W2047090868","https://openalex.org/W2063889652","https://openalex.org/W2078543085","https://openalex.org/W2081514674","https://openalex.org/W2083283377","https://openalex.org/W2108286682","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2130527887","https://openalex.org/W2148439597","https://openalex.org/W2173248099","https://openalex.org/W2321052409","https://openalex.org/W2484646121","https://openalex.org/W2543834468","https://openalex.org/W2764181373","https://openalex.org/W2783824884","https://openalex.org/W2789585573","https://openalex.org/W2798534591","https://openalex.org/W2982385401","https://openalex.org/W3099530328","https://openalex.org/W3111310596","https://openalex.org/W3122576535","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4240837394","https://openalex.org/W4301971222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932159282","https://openalex.org/W4285537323","https://openalex.org/W2379312070","https://openalex.org/W2136173754","https://openalex.org/W2110050003","https://openalex.org/W2953025626","https://openalex.org/W2499081552","https://openalex.org/W2366053282","https://openalex.org/W1653644965","https://openalex.org/W2128788708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,62],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"the":[3,34,41,53,57,74,77,84,88,97,103,108,117,136],"adaptive":[4,35],"dynamic":[5,36],"programming":[6,37],"toolbox":[7],"(ADPT),":[8],"which":[9,144],"is":[10,49,145],"a":[11,151],"MATLAB-based":[12],"software":[13,131],"package":[14],"and":[15,39,70,141],"computationally":[16],"solves":[17],"optimal":[18,29,80,91,134],"control":[19,156],"problems":[20],"for":[21,133],"continuous-time":[22],"control-affine":[23],"systems.":[24],"ADPT":[26,58,63,78,137],"produces":[27],"approximate":[28],"feedback":[30,81,92],"controls":[31,82,93],"by":[32,56],"employing":[33],"technique":[38],"solving":[40],"Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman":[42],"equation":[43],"approximately.":[44],"A":[45],"novel":[46],"implementation":[47],"method":[48],"derived":[50],"to":[51,128,150],"optimize":[52],"memory":[54],"consumption":[55],"throughout":[59],"its":[60,148],"execution.":[61],"supports":[64],"two":[65],"working":[66],"modes:":[67],"model-based":[68],"mode":[69],"model-free":[71],"mode.":[72],"In":[73,87],"former":[75],"mode,":[76,90],"computes":[79],"provided":[83,115],"system":[85,100,109],"dynamics.":[86],"latter":[89],"are":[94,114],"generated":[95],"from":[96],"measurements":[98],"of":[99,105,107],"trajectories,":[101],"without":[102],"requirement":[104],"knowledge":[106],"model.":[110],"Multiple":[111],"setting":[112],"options":[113],"in":[116],"ADPT,":[118],"such":[119],"that":[120],"various":[121],"customized":[122],"circumstances":[123],"can":[124],"be":[125],"accommodated.":[126],"Compared":[127],"other":[129],"popular":[130],"toolboxes":[132],"control,":[135],"features":[138],"computational":[139],"precision":[140],"time":[142],"efficiency,":[143],"illustrated":[146],"with":[147],"applications":[149],"highly":[152],"non-linear":[153],"satellite":[154],"attitude":[155],"problem.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}