{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194082685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165595","title":"Use of Hyperspectral Imaging for the Quantification of Organic Contaminants on Copper Surfaces for Electronic Applications","display_name":"Use of Hyperspectral Imaging for the Quantification of Organic Contaminants on Copper Surfaces for Electronic Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194082685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165595","mag":"3194082685","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165595","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5595/pdf?version=1629463751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5595/pdf?version=1629463751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080162980","display_name":"Tim Englert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-917X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Englert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany","Robert Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 1342, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-917X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 1342, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054823491","display_name":"Florian Gruber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-797X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151842","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h8wjh50","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151842","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Gruber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstra\u00dfe 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-797X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstra\u00dfe 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006376150","display_name":"Jan Stiedl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-8631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Stiedl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 1342, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 1342, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029878705","display_name":"Simon Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9153-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 1342, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Automotive Electronics, Postfach 1342, 72703 Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066960989","display_name":"Timo Jacob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-2306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-2306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033443469","display_name":"Karsten Rebner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3577-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57589565","display_name":"Reutlingen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00q644y50","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57589565"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Rebner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Process Analysis and Technology PA & T, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstra\u00dfe 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Process Analysis and Technology PA & T, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstra\u00dfe 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57589565"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022730012","display_name":"Wulf Gr\u00e4hlert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151842","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h8wjh50","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151842","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wulf Gr\u00e4hlert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstra\u00dfe 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstra\u00dfe 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054823491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151842"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.8257,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67259574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"16","first_page":"5595","last_page":"5595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8084022998809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7779265642166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5985544323921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4663832187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4322344660758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42979347705841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41394370794296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41263604164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34832707047462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18227621912956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17394742369651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07089623808860779}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8084022998809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7779265642166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5985544323921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4663832187652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4322344660758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42979347705841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41394370794296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41263604164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34832707047462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18227621912956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17394742369651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07089623808860779}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081862","descriptor_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081862","descriptor_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081862","descriptor_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003300","descriptor_name":"Copper","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003300","descriptor_name":"Copper","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003300","descriptor_name":"Copper","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165595","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5595/pdf?version=1629463751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34451034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d7b9a4048a34b9690397844dd471ac1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d7b9a4048a34b9690397844dd471ac1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 16, p 5595 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-640027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-640027.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IWS","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/16/5595/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 16; Pages: 5595","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:publica/269324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/269324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.reutlingen-university.de:3220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-32201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400499","display_name":"Reutlingen University Academic Bibliography (Reutlingen University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57589565","host_organization_name":"Reutlingen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57589565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8402274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8402274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165595","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5595/pdf?version=1629463751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194082685.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194082685.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W267786881","https://openalex.org/W1802484823","https://openalex.org/W1964917729","https://openalex.org/W1975326904","https://openalex.org/W1978398230","https://openalex.org/W1984645601","https://openalex.org/W1985353443","https://openalex.org/W1988386267","https://openalex.org/W1992915322","https://openalex.org/W2002830978","https://openalex.org/W2015463092","https://openalex.org/W2025939665","https://openalex.org/W2028000549","https://openalex.org/W2037921833","https://openalex.org/W2068093798","https://openalex.org/W2072125011","https://openalex.org/W2076479310","https://openalex.org/W2079586129","https://openalex.org/W2095374553","https://openalex.org/W2097360283","https://openalex.org/W2097998348","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102070633","https://openalex.org/W2109050008","https://openalex.org/W2121055951","https://openalex.org/W2122829272","https://openalex.org/W2127332912","https://openalex.org/W2127517003","https://openalex.org/W2131121859","https://openalex.org/W2131241448","https://openalex.org/W2133987423","https://openalex.org/W2160780846","https://openalex.org/W2163277995","https://openalex.org/W2164623848","https://openalex.org/W2168478992","https://openalex.org/W2296887786","https://openalex.org/W2329459521","https://openalex.org/W2491883504","https://openalex.org/W2605622034","https://openalex.org/W2765366036","https://openalex.org/W2791797613","https://openalex.org/W2833804886","https://openalex.org/W2904539080","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2950318295","https://openalex.org/W2982018290","https://openalex.org/W2991616716","https://openalex.org/W3033053331","https://openalex.org/W3096154569","https://openalex.org/W3105504418","https://openalex.org/W4294541781","https://openalex.org/W6674385629","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6678911119","https://openalex.org/W6684451883","https://openalex.org/W6786260341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200112873","https://openalex.org/W2955796858","https://openalex.org/W4224941037","https://openalex.org/W2004826645","https://openalex.org/W4394984040","https://openalex.org/W2048488252","https://openalex.org/W4289884158","https://openalex.org/W2940614149","https://openalex.org/W4288365262","https://openalex.org/W2787485953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"correctly":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,40,50,61,64,69,73,77,89,104,108,126,163,167,173,183,194,197],"cleanliness":[4,65],"of":[5,44,56,107,152,157,196],"technical":[6,136],"surfaces":[7],"in":[8,36,72],"a":[9,100,144],"production":[10],"process,":[11],"corresponding":[12],"online":[13,179],"monitoring":[14,28,180],"systems":[15],"must":[16],"provide":[17],"sufficient":[18],"data.":[19],"A":[20],"promising":[21],"method":[22,128,174],"for":[23,39,103,177],"fast,":[24],"large-area,":[25],"and":[26,42,83,88,118,154,166],"non-contact":[27],"is":[29],"hyperspectral":[30],"imaging":[31],"(HSI),":[32],"which":[33,148],"was":[34,66,129,143],"used":[35],"this":[37],"paper":[38],"detection":[41],"quantification":[43],"organic":[45,57,133],"surface":[46],"contaminations.":[47],"Depending":[48],"on":[49,60,76,135],"cleaning":[51],"parameter":[52],"constellation,":[53],"different":[54],"levels":[55],"residues":[58],"remained":[59],"surface.":[62,109],"Afterwards,":[63],"determined":[67],"by":[68,81,170],"carbon":[70,105],"content":[71,106],"atom":[74],"percent":[75],"sample":[78],"surfaces,":[79],"characterized":[80],"XPS":[82,90],"AES.":[84],"The":[85,110,138],"HSI":[86],"data":[87],"measurements":[91],"were":[92,123],"correlated,":[93],"using":[94],"machine":[95,121,171],"learning":[96],"methods,":[97],"to":[98,131,162,192],"generate":[99],"predictive":[101],"model":[102,141],"regression":[111,122,140],"algorithms":[112],"elastic":[113],"net,":[114],"random":[115,145],"forest":[116,146],"regression,":[117],"support":[119],"vector":[120],"used.":[124],"Overall,":[125],"developed":[127],"able":[130],"quantify":[132],"contaminations":[134],"surfaces.":[137],"best":[139],"found":[142],"model,":[147],"achieved":[149],"an":[150,155,178],"R2":[151],"0.7":[153],"RMSE":[156],"7.65":[158],"At.-%":[159],"C.":[160],"Due":[161],"easy-to-use":[164],"measurement":[165],"fast":[168],"evaluation":[169],"learning,":[172],"seems":[175],"suitable":[176],"system.":[181],"However,":[182],"results":[184],"also":[185],"show":[186],"that":[187],"further":[188],"experiments":[189],"are":[190],"necessary":[191],"improve":[193],"quality":[195],"prediction":[198],"models.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}