{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195516619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165583","title":"Hybrid Approach for Indoor Localization Using Received Signal Strength of Dual-Band Wi-Fi","display_name":"Hybrid Approach for Indoor Localization Using Received Signal Strength of Dual-Band Wi-Fi","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195516619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165583","mag":"3195516619","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165583","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5583/pdf?version=1629702767","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5583/pdf?version=1629702767","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064886857","display_name":"Byeong-Ho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-0861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byeong-ho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of New Media & Communications, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-0861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of New Media & Communications, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101747952","display_name":"Kyoung-Min Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyoung-Min Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of New Media & Communications, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-8882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of New Media & Communications, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039613414","display_name":"Yong\u2010Hwa Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-5085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119575151","display_name":"Korea National University of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqbe534","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Hwa Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si 16106, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-5085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si 16106, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745874","display_name":"Seong-Cheol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Cheol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of New Media & Communications, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-5625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of New Media & Communications, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100745874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.7275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67282896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"16","first_page":"5583","last_page":"5583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9587870836257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.865361213684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.8437271118164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6784719824790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.6180728673934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.529328465461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5083302855491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4816809594631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4505220353603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.44501882791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.4422779679298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33444997668266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.23321926593780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2003331482410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17041170597076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1337612271308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12416347861289978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9587870836257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.865361213684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.8437271118164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6784719824790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.6180728673934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.529328465461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5083302855491638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4816809594631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4505220353603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44501882791519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.4422779679298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33444997668266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.23321926593780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2003331482410431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17041170597076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1337612271308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12416347861289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165583","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5583/pdf?version=1629702767","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34451026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8402246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8402246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d15425de67a14676b6988d904e3241aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d15425de67a14676b6988d904e3241aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 16, p 5583 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/16/5583/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 16; Pages: 5583","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165583","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5583/pdf?version=1629702767","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2948572146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD190018ID","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","funder_display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8934000637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UD190018ID","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","funder_display_name":"Agency for Defense Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323103","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195516619.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195516619.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1773207564","https://openalex.org/W1968046090","https://openalex.org/W1981961788","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W2005248638","https://openalex.org/W2067040941","https://openalex.org/W2118228023","https://openalex.org/W2128337088","https://openalex.org/W2141080987","https://openalex.org/W2165397138","https://openalex.org/W2278572312","https://openalex.org/W2298372462","https://openalex.org/W2341433667","https://openalex.org/W2345276999","https://openalex.org/W2478974513","https://openalex.org/W2516109089","https://openalex.org/W2551222976","https://openalex.org/W2735031100","https://openalex.org/W2788453142","https://openalex.org/W2794278548","https://openalex.org/W2795702069","https://openalex.org/W2866806168","https://openalex.org/W2883753518","https://openalex.org/W2901028443","https://openalex.org/W2901566077","https://openalex.org/W2903114539","https://openalex.org/W2920323739","https://openalex.org/W2944307380","https://openalex.org/W2963629745","https://openalex.org/W2972663683","https://openalex.org/W2973196766","https://openalex.org/W2992172366","https://openalex.org/W2998087826","https://openalex.org/W3021643103","https://openalex.org/W3026909556","https://openalex.org/W3048710016","https://openalex.org/W3096696255","https://openalex.org/W3106381443","https://openalex.org/W3119766790","https://openalex.org/W3120412245","https://openalex.org/W3127374411","https://openalex.org/W3147552293","https://openalex.org/W6729790184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2581862718","https://openalex.org/W3015557304","https://openalex.org/W2162859609","https://openalex.org/W4200318234","https://openalex.org/W2022445516","https://openalex.org/W150547863","https://openalex.org/W2904317194","https://openalex.org/W1891938465","https://openalex.org/W1550605711","https://openalex.org/W2982532306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,123],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,125],"propose":[4],"a":[5,37,69,89,99],"hybrid":[6],"localization":[7,15,34],"algorithm":[8],"to":[9,119,133],"boost":[10],"the":[11,18,28,32,56,64,71,83,102,112,120,128,136],"accuracy":[12,20],"of":[13,31,82,105,111],"range-based":[14],"by":[16,55,62],"improving":[17],"ranging":[19,29,52],"under":[21,77],"indoor":[22,93,137],"non-line-of-sight":[23],"(NLOS)":[24],"conditions.":[25,79],"We":[26],"replaced":[27],"part":[30],"rule-based":[33],"method":[35,85,130],"with":[36,45],"deep":[38,65],"regression":[39,66],"model":[40],"that":[41,127],"uses":[42],"data-driven":[43],"learning":[44],"dual-band":[46],"received":[47],"signal":[48],"strength":[49],"(RSS).":[50],"The":[51,80,95],"error":[53,73,104,117],"caused":[54],"NLOS":[57,78],"conditions":[58],"was":[59,86,131],"effectively":[60],"reduced":[61,76],"using":[63],"method.":[67],"As":[68],"consequence,":[70],"positioning":[72,103],"could":[74],"be":[75],"performance":[81],"proposed":[84,96,129],"verified":[87,126],"through":[88],"ray-tracing-based":[90],"simulation":[91],"for":[92],"spaces.":[94],"scheme":[97],"showed":[98],"reduction":[100],"in":[101,109,135],"at":[106],"least":[107],"22.3%":[108],"terms":[110],"median":[113],"root":[114],"mean":[115],"square":[116],"compared":[118],"existing":[121],"methods.":[122],"addition,":[124],"robust":[132],"changes":[134],"structure.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
