{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195279078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165579","title":"Evaluation of Three Portable Optical Sensors for Non-Destructive Diagnosis of Nitrogen Status in Winter Wheat","display_name":"Evaluation of Three Portable Optical Sensors for Non-Destructive Diagnosis of Nitrogen Status in Winter Wheat","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195279078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165579","mag":"3195279078","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165579","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5579/pdf?version=1629366404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5579/pdf?version=1629366404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080119274","display_name":"Jie Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0595-6402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070511799","display_name":"Cuicun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuicun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679739","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4066-5333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075923985","display_name":"Zhaopeng Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaopeng Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031679314","display_name":"Qiang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-2968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603229","display_name":"Yongchao Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434309","display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-2404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017022122","display_name":"Weixing Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-7986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412696","display_name":"Xiaojun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MARA Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Agricultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100412696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89774774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"16","first_page":"5579","last_page":"5579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.8605920672416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.48926445841789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.4824315011501312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growing-season","display_name":"Growing season","score":0.46938201785087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.4553338885307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.385474294424057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3832235336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.3813084363937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33218684792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horticulture","display_name":"Horticulture","score":0.32855722308158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.22637751698493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.16292253136634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15177977085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07361692190170288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.8605920672416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.48926445841789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.4824315011501312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.46938201785087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.4553338885307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.385474294424057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3832235336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3813084363937378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33218684792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.32855722308158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.22637751698493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16292253136634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15177977085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07361692190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005308","descriptor_name":"Fertilizers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005308","descriptor_name":"Fertilizers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005308","descriptor_name":"Fertilizers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014908","descriptor_name":"Triticum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014908","descriptor_name":"Triticum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014908","descriptor_name":"Triticum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165579","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5579/pdf?version=1629366404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34451022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34451022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca5e3e79dc2544c4a0a47442c10d0cc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca5e3e79dc2544c4a0a47442c10d0cc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 16, p 5579 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/16/5579/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 16; Pages: 5579","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8402299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8402299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165579","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165579","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5579/pdf?version=1629366404","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7564093013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32071903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8795392484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFE0202900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195279078.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195279078.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W265652819","https://openalex.org/W1906130215","https://openalex.org/W1963877931","https://openalex.org/W1978329109","https://openalex.org/W1991230437","https://openalex.org/W1992051154","https://openalex.org/W2005914865","https://openalex.org/W2012479503","https://openalex.org/W2015490027","https://openalex.org/W2015613423","https://openalex.org/W2015874046","https://openalex.org/W2016478976","https://openalex.org/W2038782607","https://openalex.org/W2063326319","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2075347815","https://openalex.org/W2086314176","https://openalex.org/W2103184761","https://openalex.org/W2113283209","https://openalex.org/W2118703810","https://openalex.org/W2129719999","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2165056977","https://openalex.org/W2176590475","https://openalex.org/W2500826400","https://openalex.org/W2547748273","https://openalex.org/W2561091550","https://openalex.org/W2725166583","https://openalex.org/W2751531175","https://openalex.org/W2765561672","https://openalex.org/W2767492471","https://openalex.org/W2807715987","https://openalex.org/W2810533430","https://openalex.org/W2890756875","https://openalex.org/W2899030879","https://openalex.org/W2920793151","https://openalex.org/W2952539624","https://openalex.org/W2967034793","https://openalex.org/W2972945677","https://openalex.org/W2973038154","https://openalex.org/W2989880742","https://openalex.org/W2990471817","https://openalex.org/W2998091425","https://openalex.org/W2999721158","https://openalex.org/W3007796258","https://openalex.org/W3012240802","https://openalex.org/W3014476317","https://openalex.org/W3047873588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377212262","https://openalex.org/W4327748155","https://openalex.org/W2955967599","https://openalex.org/W2549050738","https://openalex.org/W4387208895","https://openalex.org/W1594879216","https://openalex.org/W2388815296","https://openalex.org/W2360471910","https://openalex.org/W2996115036","https://openalex.org/W3096013024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116,143,183],"accurate":[1],"estimation":[2,178],"and":[3,25,42,68,79,108,133,203,209,225,248],"timely":[4],"diagnosis":[5,189,243,250],"of":[6,22,54,159,171,186,241,251],"crop":[7],"nitrogen":[8],"(N)":[9],"status":[10],"can":[11],"facilitate":[12],"in-season":[13],"fertilizer":[14],"management.":[15],"In":[16],"order":[17],"to":[18,58,76,167,194,199,205,216,221,227],"evaluate":[19],"the":[20,51,85,119,147,187,210,239,246],"performance":[21,165],"three":[23,36],"leaf":[24,61,78,96],"canopy":[26,70,80,129,172],"optical":[27],"sensors":[28,62],"in":[29,50],"non-destructively":[30],"diagnosing":[31],"winter":[32],"wheat":[33,40],"N":[34,46,90,93,97,101,105,109,135,176,252],"status,":[35],"experiments":[37],"using":[38],"seven":[39],"cultivars":[41],"multi-N-treatments":[43],"(0-360":[44],"kg":[45],"ha<sup>-1</sup>)":[47],"were":[48,74,113,137],"conducted":[49],"Jiangsu":[52],"province":[53],"China":[55],"from":[56,192,214],"2015":[57],"2018.":[59],"Two":[60],"(SPAD":[63],"502,":[64],"Dualex":[65],"4":[66],"Scientific+)":[67],"one":[69],"sensor":[71,161,173],"(RapidSCAN":[72],"CS-45)":[73],"used":[75],"obtain":[77],"spectral":[81],"data,":[82],"respectively,":[83],"during":[84],"main":[86],"growth":[87,141,181,233],"period.":[88],"Five":[89],"indicators":[91,177],"(leaf":[92,123],"concentration":[94,102],"(LNC),":[95],"accumulation":[98,106],"(LNA),":[99],"plant":[100,104],"(PNC),":[103],"(PNA),":[107],"nutrition":[110],"index":[111],"(NNI))":[112],"measured":[114],"synchronously.":[115],"relationships":[117],"between":[118],"six":[120],"sensor-based":[121,242],"indices":[122],"level:":[124,130],"SPAD,":[125,197,219],"Chl,":[126],"Flav,":[127],"NBI,":[128,202,224],"NDRE,":[131,208],"NDVI)":[132],"five":[134,175],"parameters":[136],"established":[138],"at":[139],"each":[140],"stages.":[142,182,234],"results":[144,237],"showed":[145],"that":[146],"Dualex-based":[148],"NBI":[149],"performed":[150],"relatively":[151],"well":[152],"among":[153],"four":[154],"leaf-sensor":[155],"indices,":[156],"while":[157],"NDRE":[158,230],"RS":[160],"achieved":[162],"a":[163],"best":[164],"due":[166],"larger":[168],"sampling":[169],"area":[170],"for":[174,196,201,207,218,223,229,245],"across":[179,231],"different":[180],"areal":[184],"agreement":[185],"NNI":[188],"models":[190,244],"ranged":[191,213],"0.54":[193],"0.71":[195],"0.66":[198],"0.84":[200],"0.72":[204,222],"0.86":[206],"kappa":[211],"coefficient":[212],"0.30":[215],"0.52":[217],"0.42":[220],"0.53":[226],"0.75":[228],"all":[232],"Overall,":[235],"these":[236],"reveal":[238],"potential":[240],"rapid":[247],"non-destructive":[249],"status.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}