{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194699799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165457","title":"An Automated CAD System for Accurate Grading of Uveitis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Images","display_name":"An Automated CAD System for Accurate Grading of Uveitis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194699799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165457","mag":"3194699799","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34450898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5457/pdf?version=1628837068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5457/pdf?version=1628837068","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085474422","display_name":"Sayed Haggag","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayed Haggag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003428654","display_name":"Fahmi Khalifa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahmi Khalifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-2851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013943918","display_name":"Hisham Abdeltawab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-5955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hisham Abdeltawab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056575079","display_name":"Ahmed Elnakib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-3622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elnakib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-3622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020634024","display_name":"Mohammed Ghazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-6698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ghazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-6698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741140","display_name":"Mohamed A. Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-3621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028075433","display_name":"Harpal S. Sandhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harpal Singh Sandhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036220067","display_name":"Norah Saleh Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-6001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norah Saleh Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-6001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057705","display_name":"Ayman El\u2010Baz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-1323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayman El-Baz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-1323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075057705"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83199973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"16","first_page":"5457","last_page":"5457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.809235692024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7068060040473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","score":0.704277515411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6960152387619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6753776669502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6389540433883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.470114141702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.45233842730522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4516443908214569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15711435675621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.1481846272945404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.809235692024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7068060040473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.704277515411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6960152387619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6753776669502258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6389540433883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.470114141702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.45233842730522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4516443908214569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15711435675621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.1481846272945404}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014605","descriptor_name":"Uveitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014605","descriptor_name":"Uveitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014605","descriptor_name":"Uveitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5457/pdf?version=1628837068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34450898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34450898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14f78fcba784479c84ecd52593ab33bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14f78fcba784479c84ecd52593ab33bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 16, p 5457 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/16/5457/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 16; Pages: 5457","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8401645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8401645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5457/pdf?version=1628837068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194699799.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1803753774","https://openalex.org/W1987565821","https://openalex.org/W2020281235","https://openalex.org/W2028254334","https://openalex.org/W2098907380","https://openalex.org/W2158976339","https://openalex.org/W2165733437","https://openalex.org/W2167848810","https://openalex.org/W2178119898","https://openalex.org/W2330219538","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W2513272162","https://openalex.org/W2546844354","https://openalex.org/W2564861555","https://openalex.org/W2608854843","https://openalex.org/W2611659507","https://openalex.org/W2614885775","https://openalex.org/W2756145209","https://openalex.org/W2772059204","https://openalex.org/W2912569607","https://openalex.org/W2949122205","https://openalex.org/W2953651845","https://openalex.org/W3008340029","https://openalex.org/W4236903613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2323668004","https://openalex.org/W2348498086","https://openalex.org/W3093461874","https://openalex.org/W2063232638","https://openalex.org/W1000914229","https://openalex.org/W3021342607","https://openalex.org/W2488331324","https://openalex.org/W970126872","https://openalex.org/W127177386","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Uveitis":[0],"is":[1,40,87,149,155,189,213,256,301],"one":[2],"of":[3,7,25,45,61,68,100,115,137,141,208,219,252,261,281,288,307,313,325],"the":[4,31,46,59,81,84,98,111,116,142,158,175,180,196,209,216,220,240,253,278,295,298,311,314],"leading":[5],"causes":[6],"severe":[8],"vision":[9],"loss":[10],"that":[11,20,129],"can":[12,28],"lead":[13],"to":[14,108,168,194,236,248],"blindness":[15,32],"worldwide.":[16],"Clinical":[17],"records":[18],"show":[19],"early":[21,321],"and":[22,119,154,162,238,285,322],"accurate":[23],"detection":[24],"vitreous":[26,47,62,71,85,117,197,211,221],"inflammation":[27,198],"potentially":[29],"reduce":[30],"rate.":[33],"In":[34,80,179],"this":[35,202],"paper,":[36],"a":[37,76,91,131,138,163,183,192,204,225,259,269],"novel":[38,105,205],"framework":[39],"proposed":[41,65,190,254,315],"for":[42,56,110,174,243,320],"automatic":[43],"quantification":[44],"on":[48,258],"optical":[49],"coherence":[50],"tomography":[51],"(OCT)":[52],"with":[53,157],"particular":[54],"application":[55],"use":[57],"in":[58],"grading":[60,244],"inflammation.":[63,327],"The":[64,230,250],"pipeline":[66,255,316],"consists":[67],"two":[69],"stages,":[70],"region":[72,86,118,212],"segmentation":[73,153,177,266],"followed":[74],"by":[75,224,277,303],"neural":[77,94,186],"network":[78,95,187],"classifier.":[79],"first":[82],"stage,":[83,182],"automatically":[88],"segmented":[89,144,210],"using":[90],"U-net":[92,176],"convolutional":[93],"(U-CNN).":[96],"For":[97],"input":[99,171],"U-CNN,":[101],"we":[102,123],"utilized":[103],"three":[104],"image":[106,147,161,166,173],"descriptors":[107],"account":[109],"visual":[112],"appearance":[113],"similarity":[114],"other":[120,296],"tissues.":[121],"Namely,":[122,215],"developed":[124],"an":[125,170,318],"adaptive":[126],"appearance-based":[127],"approach":[128,267],"utilizes":[130],"prior":[132],"shape":[133],"information,":[134],"which":[135,309],"consisted":[136],"labeled":[139],"dataset":[140,260],"manually":[143],"images.":[145,264],"This":[146],"descriptor":[148,167],"adaptively":[150],"updated":[151],"during":[152],"integrated":[156],"original":[159],"greyscale":[160],"distance":[164,287],"map":[165],"construct":[169],"fused":[172],"stage.":[178],"second":[181],"fully":[184],"connected":[185],"(FCNN)":[188],"as":[191,275,317],"classifier":[193,242],"assess":[195],"severity.":[199],"To":[200],"achieve":[201],"task,":[203],"discriminatory":[206],"feature":[207],"extracted.":[214],"signal":[217],"intensities":[218],"are":[222,233],"represented":[223],"cumulative":[226],"distribution":[227],"function":[228],"(CDF).":[229],"constructed":[231],"CDFs":[232],"then":[234],"used":[235],"train":[237],"test":[239],"FCNN":[241,299],"(grade":[245],"from":[246],"0":[247],"3).":[249],"performance":[251,271],"evaluated":[257],"200":[262],"OCT":[263],"Our":[265],"documented":[268],"higher":[270],"than":[272],"related":[273],"methods,":[274],"evidenced":[276,302],"Dice":[279],"coefficient":[280],"0.988":[282],"\u00b1":[283,291],"0.01":[284],"Hausdorff":[286],"0.0003":[289],"mm":[290],"0.001":[292],"mm.":[293],"On":[294],"hand,":[297],"classification":[300],"its":[304],"average":[305],"accuracy":[306],"86%,":[308],"supports":[310],"benefits":[312],"aid":[319],"objective":[323],"diagnosis":[324],"uvea":[326]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}