{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188693451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165450","title":"Analysis of Propagation and Distribution Characteristics of Leakage Acoustic Waves in Water Supply Pipelines","display_name":"Analysis of Propagation and Distribution Characteristics of Leakage Acoustic Waves in Water Supply Pipelines","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188693451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165450","mag":"3188693451","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34450892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165450","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5450/pdf?version=1628854246","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5450/pdf?version=1628854246","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461867","display_name":"Yunfei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0956-7479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39774598","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077875696","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-6903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39774598","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015978114","display_name":"Ming Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8539-375X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39774598","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China","Key Laboratory of Personnel Safety in Disaster Environment, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Personnel Safety in Disaster Environment, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403433","display_name":"Fan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0900-6965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39774598","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053636142","display_name":"Zhaozhao Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-2829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39774598","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaozhao Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-2829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627293","display_name":"Weihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-1144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39774598","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015978114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.6595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8168297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"16","first_page":"5450","last_page":"5450"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.8031045794487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.7623800039291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.7329205274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-emission","display_name":"Acoustic emission","score":0.5189394950866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.485522985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leak","display_name":"Leak","score":0.46176332235336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-wave","display_name":"Acoustic wave","score":0.4281138479709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34259259700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1332312822341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1303812861442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11205971240997314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.8031045794487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.7623800039291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.7329205274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174598085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746673","display_name":"Acoustic emission","level":2,"score":0.5189394950866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.485522985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349983","display_name":"Leak","level":2,"score":0.46176332235336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204723758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882459","display_name":"Acoustic wave","level":2,"score":0.4281138479709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34259259700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1332312822341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1303812861442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11205971240997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009622","descriptor_name":"Noise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009622","descriptor_name":"Noise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009622","descriptor_name":"Noise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013016","descriptor_name":"Sound","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165450","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5450/pdf?version=1628854246","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34450892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34450892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbc98bc7d2294a2691842f74ad6fc09a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbc98bc7d2294a2691842f74ad6fc09a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 16, p 5450 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/16/5450/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 16; Pages: 5450","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8398421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8398421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165450","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5450/pdf?version=1628854246","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8332393754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1908085J22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188693451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188693451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980223581","https://openalex.org/W1990358070","https://openalex.org/W2004066246","https://openalex.org/W2042823277","https://openalex.org/W2071534363","https://openalex.org/W2098752449","https://openalex.org/W2169565444","https://openalex.org/W2300456846","https://openalex.org/W2774375709","https://openalex.org/W2792896805","https://openalex.org/W2891710895","https://openalex.org/W2894033299","https://openalex.org/W2921928361","https://openalex.org/W2930274818","https://openalex.org/W2932795001","https://openalex.org/W2958874116","https://openalex.org/W2989504035","https://openalex.org/W3015996014","https://openalex.org/W3031015422","https://openalex.org/W3047716589","https://openalex.org/W3151655645","https://openalex.org/W3162777752","https://openalex.org/W6684787939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386162879","https://openalex.org/W4213010826","https://openalex.org/W2152530389","https://openalex.org/W2352249079","https://openalex.org/W1483026830","https://openalex.org/W2160063767","https://openalex.org/W3106007860","https://openalex.org/W1974953792","https://openalex.org/W2372021191","https://openalex.org/W2389958289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leakage":[0],"detection":[1],"methods":[2],"based":[3],"on":[4,53,135],"the":[5,28,31,39,42,50,54,74,87,99,121,128,139,161,176,186],"analysis":[6,177],"of":[7,30,34,56,76,86,101,123,166,178,180,188],"leakage":[8,40,65,103,181,189],"acoustic":[9,35,57,66,81,104,132,136,182],"signals":[10,184],"provide":[11,169],"an":[12],"effective":[13],"technical":[14,26],"approach":[15],"for":[16,48,109,175],"detecting":[17,49],"small":[18],"leaks":[19],"in":[20,41,90,114,191],"water":[21,43,91,149,155,192],"supply":[22,44,92,150,156,193],"pipelines.":[23,194],"From":[24],"a":[25,62,102,146,170],"perspective,":[27],"study":[29,168],"propagation":[32,68,85,100],"characteristics":[33,179],"waves":[36],"generated":[37],"by":[38,72],"pipeline":[45,93,116,151,157],"is":[46],"necessary":[47],"leak":[51],"location":[52],"basis":[55,174],"signals.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60,167],"study,":[61],"3D":[63],"transient":[64],"wave":[67,105,183],"equation":[69],"was":[70,94],"derived":[71],"combining":[73],"principles":[75],"fluid":[77],"dynamics":[78],"and":[79,131,152,173,185],"Lighthill":[80],"analogy":[82],"theory.":[83],"The":[84,164],"leakage-induced":[88],"noise":[89],"modelled":[95],"theoretically.":[96],"We":[97],"simulated":[98,140,148],"under":[106],"different":[107,110,124],"conditions":[108,190],"target":[111],"scenarios":[112],"encountered":[113],"actual":[115],"inspections.":[117],"Specifically,":[118],"we":[119],"analysed":[120],"effect":[122],"factors,":[125],"such":[126],"as":[127],"pipe":[129],"size":[130],"source":[133],"characteristics,":[134],"propagation.":[137],"Finally,":[138],"experiments":[141],"were":[142],"practically":[143],"performed":[144],"using":[145],"self-designed":[147],"self-developed":[153],"spherical":[154],"detector":[158],"to":[159],"validate":[160],"simulation":[162],"analysis.":[163],"results":[165],"theoretical":[171],"guidance":[172],"recognition":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
