{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3190450232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165293","title":"Vision-Less Sensing for Autonomous Micro-Drones","display_name":"Vision-Less Sensing for Autonomous Micro-Drones","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3190450232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165293","mag":"3190450232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34450742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165293","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5293/pdf?version=1628166394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5293/pdf?version=1628166394","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067080830","display_name":"Simon Pikalov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Pikalov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016159941","display_name":"Elisha Azaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-4166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisha Azaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-4166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026528337","display_name":"Shaya Sonnenberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaya Sonnenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057627211","display_name":"Boaz Ben\u2010Moshe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-5421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boaz Ben-Moshe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-5421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082567694","display_name":"Amos Azaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-1309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amos Azaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-1309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057627211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":8.759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97110272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"16","first_page":"5293","last_page":"5293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.9729705452919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.6446313261985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6422315835952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6119738817214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5512347221374512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.5290580987930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.47840890288352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44395706057548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.42726951837539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3227546215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.11146596074104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11109811067581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.09216159582138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07308751344680786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.9729705452919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6446313261985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6422315835952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6119738817214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5512347221374512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.5290580987930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47840890288352966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44395706057548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.42726951837539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3227546215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.11146596074104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11109811067581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.09216159582138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07308751344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007313","descriptor_name":"Insecta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007313","descriptor_name":"Insecta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007313","descriptor_name":"Insecta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014785","descriptor_name":"Vision, Ocular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165293","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5293/pdf?version=1628166394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34450742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34450742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8bdb8d2339f04aab96830a5ca37e2134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bdb8d2339f04aab96830a5ca37e2134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 16, p 5293 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/16/5293/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 16; Pages: 5293","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8398668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8398668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21165293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165293","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/16/5293/pdf?version=1628166394","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3190450232.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502510213","https://openalex.org/W1518672027","https://openalex.org/W1551045423","https://openalex.org/W1966301784","https://openalex.org/W2024908906","https://openalex.org/W2032882663","https://openalex.org/W2038650746","https://openalex.org/W2052014837","https://openalex.org/W2103393159","https://openalex.org/W2104067080","https://openalex.org/W2104641222","https://openalex.org/W2122203966","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2403765927","https://openalex.org/W2415595313","https://openalex.org/W2501076807","https://openalex.org/W2579504765","https://openalex.org/W2742452757","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2802082151","https://openalex.org/W2909953480","https://openalex.org/W2963167310","https://openalex.org/W2964229770","https://openalex.org/W2977619045","https://openalex.org/W3006449166","https://openalex.org/W3089445412","https://openalex.org/W3098490553","https://openalex.org/W3153187775","https://openalex.org/W3166692854","https://openalex.org/W6675456536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2930076404","https://openalex.org/W4253519380","https://openalex.org/W2071957557","https://openalex.org/W2596413128","https://openalex.org/W4391249562","https://openalex.org/W2356867392","https://openalex.org/W2782776446","https://openalex.org/W3043170174","https://openalex.org/W2155948905","https://openalex.org/W2357323510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,73,85],"concept":[4],"of":[5,37,88,94],"intelligent":[6],"vision-less":[7],"micro-drones,":[8],"which":[9,111],"are":[10],"motivated":[11],"by":[12,80],"flying":[13],"animals":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"insects,":[17],"birds,":[18],"and":[19,43,52,99,107,117],"bats.":[20],"The":[21,39,54],"presented":[22],"micro-drone":[23],"(named":[24],"BAT:":[25],"Blind":[26],"Autonomous":[27],"Tiny-drone)":[28],"can":[29],"perform":[30,49],"bio-inspired":[31],"complex":[32,119],"tasks":[33],"without":[34],"the":[35,64,77,81,89,95],"use":[36],"cameras.":[38],"BAT":[40,65,96],"uses":[41],"LIDARs":[42],"self-emitted":[44],"optical-flow":[45],"in":[46,105,110,123],"order":[47],"to":[48,66,83,115],"obstacle":[50],"avoiding":[51],"maze-solving.":[53],"controlling":[55],"algorithms":[56],"were":[57],"implemented":[58,98],"on":[59],"an":[60],"onboard":[61],"micro-controller,":[62],"allowing":[63],"be":[67],"fully":[68],"autonomous.":[69],"We":[70],"further":[71],"present":[72],"method":[74],"for":[75],"using":[76,101],"information":[78],"collected":[79],"drone":[82],"generate":[84],"detailed":[86],"mapping":[87],"environment.":[90],"A":[91],"complete":[92],"model":[93],"was":[97,113],"tested":[100],"several":[102],"scenarios":[103],"both":[104],"simulation":[106],"field":[108],"experiments,":[109],"it":[112],"able":[114],"explore":[116],"map":[118],"building":[120],"autonomously":[121],"even":[122],"total":[124],"darkness.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}