{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188130862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155233","title":"ESCOVE: Energy-SLA-Aware Edge\u2013Cloud Computation Offloading in Vehicular Networks","display_name":"ESCOVE: Energy-SLA-Aware Edge\u2013Cloud Computation Offloading in Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188130862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155233","mag":"3188130862","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21155233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155233","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5233/pdf?version=1627989021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5233/pdf?version=1627989021","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000395681","display_name":"Leila Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0946-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leila Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems (INDUCE) Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0946-1818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems (INDUCE) Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041785111","display_name":"Huned Materwala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-245X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huned Materwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems (INDUCE) Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-245X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Distributed Computing and Systems (INDUCE) Research Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000395681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.1242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75834244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"15","first_page":"5233","last_page":"5233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8596102595329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8007140755653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.6786125898361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5991741418838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5899339318275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5526391863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.550197422504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5272442698478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4876762628555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-level-agreement","display_name":"Service-level agreement","score":0.4604215621948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45759138464927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.42603379487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40086662769317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1379777491092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11689093708992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09153473377227783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8596102595329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8007140755653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.6786125898361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5991741418838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5899339318275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5526391863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.550197422504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5272442698478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4876762628555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778160497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869830","display_name":"Service-level agreement","level":3,"score":0.4604215621948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45759138464927673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.42603379487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40086662769317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1379777491092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11689093708992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09153473377227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21155233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155233","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5233/pdf?version=1627989021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34372471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9f898d9c2254f9e934e7055e239b961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9f898d9c2254f9e934e7055e239b961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 15, p 5233 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/15/5233/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 15; Pages: 5233","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8347678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8347678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21155233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155233","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5233/pdf?version=1627989021","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188130862.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3188130862.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027477664","https://openalex.org/W2065956236","https://openalex.org/W2107846430","https://openalex.org/W2739611732","https://openalex.org/W2832866307","https://openalex.org/W2888375998","https://openalex.org/W2888816167","https://openalex.org/W2893733132","https://openalex.org/W2901631215","https://openalex.org/W2912021204","https://openalex.org/W2949276835","https://openalex.org/W2954039338","https://openalex.org/W2966753637","https://openalex.org/W2970140906","https://openalex.org/W2989867815","https://openalex.org/W2992759268","https://openalex.org/W3013511177","https://openalex.org/W3117584958","https://openalex.org/W3124640893","https://openalex.org/W3152949661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4297093186","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W3200145713","https://openalex.org/W3111395152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,111,129],"vehicular":[1,83],"network":[2,14],"is":[3,135],"an":[4],"emerging":[5],"technology":[6],"in":[7,120,139],"the":[8,42,55,59,104,107,115,147],"Intelligent":[9],"Smart":[10],"Transportation":[11],"era.":[12],"provides":[15],"mechanisms":[16],"for":[17,82],"running":[18],"different":[19],"applications,":[20],"such":[21,34],"as":[22],"accident":[23],"prevention,":[24],"publishing":[25],"and":[26,29,37,61,78,125],"consuming":[27],"services,":[28],"traffic":[30],"flow":[31],"management.":[32],"In":[33,88],"scenarios,":[35],"edge":[36,60,75],"cloud":[38,62],"computing":[39,109],"come":[40],"into":[41],"picture":[43],"to":[44,146],"offload":[45],"computation":[46],"from":[47],"vehicles":[48],"that":[49,133],"have":[50],"limited":[51],"processing":[52,124],"capabilities.":[53],"Optimizing":[54],"energy":[56,76,105,140],"consumption":[57],"of":[58,86,106,122],"servers":[63],"becomes":[64],"crucial.":[65],"However,":[66],"existing":[67],"research":[68],"efforts":[69],"focus":[70],"on":[71],"either":[72],"vehicle":[73],"or":[74],"optimization,":[77],"do":[79],"not":[80],"account":[81],"applications'":[84],"quality":[85],"services.":[87],"this":[89,93],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"address":[92],"void":[94],"by":[95],"proposing":[96],"a":[97,136],"novel":[98],"offloading":[99],"algorithm,":[100],"ESCOVE,":[101],"which":[102],"optimizes":[103],"edge-cloud":[108],"platform.":[110],"proposed":[112],"algorithm":[113],"respects":[114],"Service":[116],"level":[117],"agreement":[118],"(SLA)":[119],"terms":[121],"latency,":[123],"total":[126],"execution":[127],"times.":[128],"experimental":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"ESCOVE":[134],"promising":[137],"approach":[138],"savings":[141],"while":[142],"preserving":[143],"SLAs":[144],"compared":[145],"state-of-the-art":[148],"approach.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}