{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184751828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155067","title":"Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications","display_name":"Noise Sources and Requirements for Confocal Raman Spectrometers in Biosensor Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184751828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155067","mag":"3184751828","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21155067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5067/pdf?version=1627978799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5067/pdf?version=1627978799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049071565","display_name":"Martin Jahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-0925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140556","display_name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/03wysya92","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izabella J. Jahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061401988","display_name":"Alexej Grjasnow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-3764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140556","display_name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/03wysya92","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexej Grjasnow","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-3764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010414478","display_name":"H.-J. John","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-4642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry John","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-4642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075483038","display_name":"Karina Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-8645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285013897","display_name":"Helmholtz Institute Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzw6h69","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285013897","https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140556","display_name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/03wysya92","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karina Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany","Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285013897","https://openalex.org/I76198965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005568675","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Popp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-593X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285013897","display_name":"Helmholtz Institute Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzw6h69","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285013897","https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I169556180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140556","display_name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/03wysya92","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Popp","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany","Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-593X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285013897","https://openalex.org/I76198965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091289678","display_name":"Walter Hauswald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-0417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140556","display_name":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/03wysya92","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter Hauswald","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9039-0417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Centre for Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), a Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance Leibniz Health Technology, Albert-Einstein-Stra\u00dfe 9, 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091289678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I4210140556"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.1858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91856205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"15","first_page":"5067","last_page":"5067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.9135124087333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.8427690267562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal","display_name":"Confocal","score":0.5163434743881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5089693069458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4939163327217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wafer","display_name":"Wafer","score":0.46287229657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-scattering","display_name":"Raman scattering","score":0.43552565574645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.4132949113845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.39098235964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3284431993961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2747335433959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.24723553657531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.205593079328537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.08096379041671753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.9135124087333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.8427690267562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136009344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336201","display_name":"Confocal","level":2,"score":0.5163434743881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5089693069458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4939163327217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.46287229657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169573571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466824","display_name":"Raman scattering","level":3,"score":0.43552565574645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.4132949113845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.39098235964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3284431993961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2747335433959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.24723553657531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.205593079328537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.08096379041671753}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013059","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis, Raman","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21155067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5067/pdf?version=1627978799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34372304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e6ab6e98d2a4cfa85f074fec01fa638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e6ab6e98d2a4cfa85f074fec01fa638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 15, p 5067 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/15/5067/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 15; Pages: 5067","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8348363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8348363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21155067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21155067","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5067/pdf?version=1627978799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5013228271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13GW0096A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3184751828.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500338144","https://openalex.org/W1982674292","https://openalex.org/W1987479467","https://openalex.org/W2016665348","https://openalex.org/W2041789314","https://openalex.org/W2055296156","https://openalex.org/W2078197367","https://openalex.org/W2093166050","https://openalex.org/W2107239040","https://openalex.org/W2119243120","https://openalex.org/W2258261826","https://openalex.org/W2292100245","https://openalex.org/W2325729320","https://openalex.org/W2326005256","https://openalex.org/W2327118891","https://openalex.org/W2480354502","https://openalex.org/W2485724554","https://openalex.org/W2556890544","https://openalex.org/W2587305359","https://openalex.org/W2611326286","https://openalex.org/W2730306438","https://openalex.org/W2735245638","https://openalex.org/W2768884250","https://openalex.org/W2884435742","https://openalex.org/W2920663868","https://openalex.org/W2968605426","https://openalex.org/W2980197280","https://openalex.org/W2982482221","https://openalex.org/W2995325110","https://openalex.org/W3008848864","https://openalex.org/W3048357152","https://openalex.org/W3092086120","https://openalex.org/W3100410998","https://openalex.org/W6733261796","https://openalex.org/W6753421071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046430340","https://openalex.org/W2322026400","https://openalex.org/W2383021773","https://openalex.org/W4206515393","https://openalex.org/W1990396141","https://openalex.org/W2056670287","https://openalex.org/W1929958295","https://openalex.org/W2226641048","https://openalex.org/W2002555800","https://openalex.org/W2021425015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Raman":[0,24,70,78,93,100,126,164,185,201],"spectroscopy":[1,71],"probes":[2],"the":[3,23,45,53,115,119,135,161,178,196,207],"biochemical":[4],"composition":[5],"of":[6,31,47,65,187,209],"samples":[7],"in":[8,52,72,124,173,203],"a":[9,19,58,81,86,96,103,125,144,148,183,210],"non-destructive,":[10],"non-invasive":[11],"and":[12,63,95,128,151],"label-free":[13],"fashion":[14],"yielding":[15],"specific":[16],"information":[17],"on":[18],"molecular":[20],"level.":[21],"Nevertheless,":[22],"effect":[25],"is":[26,39,111,118,192],"very":[27],"weak.":[28],"The":[29],"detection":[30],"all":[32,48],"inelastically":[33],"scattered":[34],"photons":[35],"with":[36,80,102,195],"highest":[37],"efficiency":[38],"therefore":[40],"crucial":[41],"as":[42,44],"well":[43],"identification":[46],"noise":[49],"sources":[50],"present":[51],"system.":[54],"Here":[55],"we":[56],"provide":[57],"study":[59],"for":[60,68,213],"performance":[61],"comparison":[62],"assessment":[64],"different":[66,141,189],"spectrometers":[67],"confocal":[69,99,163],"biosensor":[73,169],"applications.":[74],"A":[75],"low-cost,":[76],"home-built":[77],"spectrometer":[79,94,127,202],"complementary":[82],"metal-oxide-semiconductor":[83],"(CMOS)":[84],"camera,":[85],"middle":[87,197],"price-class":[88,198],"mini":[89,199],"charge-coupled":[90],"device":[91],"(CCD)":[92],"laboratory":[97],"grade":[98],"system":[101],"deeply":[104],"cooled":[105],"CCD":[106,200],"detector":[107],"are":[108],"compared.":[109],"It":[110],"often":[112],"overlooked":[113],"that":[114,168],"sample":[116,150],"itself":[117],"most":[120,132,179],"important":[121],"\u201coptical\u201d":[122],"component":[123],"its":[129],"properties":[130],"contribute":[131],"significantly":[133],"to":[134,205],"signal-to-noise":[136],"ratio.":[137],"For":[138],"this":[139],"purpose,":[140],"representative":[142],"samples:":[143],"crystalline":[145],"silicon":[146],"wafer,":[147],"polypropylene":[149],"E.":[152],"coli":[153],"bacteria":[154,190],"were":[155],"measured":[156],"under":[157],"similar":[158],"conditions":[159],"using":[160],"three":[162,188],"spectrometers.":[165],"We":[166],"show":[167],"applications":[170],"do":[171],"not":[172],"every":[174],"case":[175],"profit":[176],"from":[177],"expensive":[180],"equipment.":[181],"Finally,":[182],"small":[184],"database":[186],"species":[191],"set":[193],"up":[194],"order":[204],"demonstrate":[206],"potential":[208],"compact":[211],"setup":[212],"pathogen":[214],"discrimination.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
