{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186410860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144896","title":"Triple-Type Feature Extraction for Palmprint Recognition","display_name":"Triple-Type Feature Extraction for Palmprint Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186410860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144896","mag":"3186410860","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34300634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4896/pdf?version=1626944557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4896/pdf?version=1626944557","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066183096","display_name":"Lian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087731","display_name":"Guizhou Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/002x6f380","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359961","display_name":"Yong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio-Computing Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio-Computing Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073482873","display_name":"Zhongwei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-7440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087731","display_name":"Guizhou Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/002x6f380","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongwei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112584032","display_name":"Yu Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3726-4059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087731","display_name":"Guizhou Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/002x6f380","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006822798","display_name":"Shuping Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7641-2237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuping Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101726684","display_name":"Lunke Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-7875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lunke Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066183096","https://openalex.org/A5101726684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713","https://openalex.org/I4210087731"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.3944,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93305691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"14","first_page":"4896","last_page":"4896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9312999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7987079620361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.774970293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6994222402572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6705414652824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6605342626571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5461292862892151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.48317161202430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.46691206097602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.4157610237598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32162001729011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29228276014328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21469369530677795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7987079620361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.774970293045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6994222402572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6705414652824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6605342626571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5461292862892151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.48317161202430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.46691206097602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.4157610237598419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32162001729011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29228276014328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21469369530677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056667","descriptor_name":"Biometric Identification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4896/pdf?version=1626944557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34300634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34300634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b96db5f14a644319d406039f2069cc9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b96db5f14a644319d406039f2069cc9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 14, p 4896 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/14/4896/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 14; Pages: 4896","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8309836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8309836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4896/pdf?version=1626944557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2137029343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2021]022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326674","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guizhou Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3996609340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","funder_display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6791133280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QianKeHeJiChu","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","funder_display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7993470843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QianJiaoHeKY","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326674","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guizhou Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8508565840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"[2021]","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","funder_display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G901691524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QianKeHeJiChu-ZK[2021]YiBan 334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","funder_display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322272","display_name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnh405"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326674","display_name":"Department of Education of Guizhou Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186410860.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3186410860.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1162253458","https://openalex.org/W1413778154","https://openalex.org/W1968113673","https://openalex.org/W1969030392","https://openalex.org/W1970913757","https://openalex.org/W1974900975","https://openalex.org/W2010954356","https://openalex.org/W2034114524","https://openalex.org/W2049306082","https://openalex.org/W2064555661","https://openalex.org/W2065542602","https://openalex.org/W2068424163","https://openalex.org/W2084496954","https://openalex.org/W2114214092","https://openalex.org/W2116324098","https://openalex.org/W2130283969","https://openalex.org/W2133645436","https://openalex.org/W2140941142","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2196635279","https://openalex.org/W2346392537","https://openalex.org/W2512703750","https://openalex.org/W2518263381","https://openalex.org/W2606063865","https://openalex.org/W2608875480","https://openalex.org/W2615293002","https://openalex.org/W2743674619","https://openalex.org/W2782180745","https://openalex.org/W2789377834","https://openalex.org/W2790452868","https://openalex.org/W2801793565","https://openalex.org/W2888394219","https://openalex.org/W2889920946","https://openalex.org/W2892064351","https://openalex.org/W2898978534","https://openalex.org/W2915993123","https://openalex.org/W2921595296","https://openalex.org/W2946300279","https://openalex.org/W2999529733","https://openalex.org/W2999538240","https://openalex.org/W3080350283","https://openalex.org/W3107129517","https://openalex.org/W3112293456","https://openalex.org/W3131302628","https://openalex.org/W3138042287","https://openalex.org/W4243097765","https://openalex.org/W6642399044","https://openalex.org/W6726490378","https://openalex.org/W6762869584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2468279273","https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2354198838","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W1989130879","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2952115151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Palmprint":[0],"recognition":[1,22,49,81],"has":[2],"received":[3],"tremendous":[4],"research":[5],"interests":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,44,62,131,148],"its":[9],"outstanding":[10],"user-friendliness":[11],"such":[12,24],"as":[13,25],"non-invasive":[14],"and":[15,110,113],"good":[16,48],"hygiene":[17],"properties.":[18],"Most":[19],"recent":[20],"palmprint":[21,33,52,65,80,88,138,155,162,172],"studies":[23],"deep-learning":[26],"methods":[27,71],"usually":[28,36,55],"learn":[29],"discriminative":[30],"features":[31,89,102],"from":[32],"images,":[34],"which":[35],"require":[37],"a":[38,46,78,104,143],"large":[39],"number":[40],"of":[41,87,103,126,157,179],"labeled":[42],"samples":[43],"achieve":[45],"reasonable":[47],"performance.":[50],"However,":[51],"images":[53,156],"are":[54],"limited":[56],"because":[57],"it":[58],"is":[59],"relative":[60],"difficult":[61],"collect":[63],"enough":[64],"samples,":[66],"making":[67],"most":[68,99],"existing":[69],"deep-learning-based":[70],"ineffective.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"paper,":[75],"we":[76,121,141],"propose":[77],"heuristic":[79],"method":[82],"by":[83],"extracting":[84],"triple":[85,134],"types":[86],"without":[90],"requiring":[91],"any":[92],"training":[93],"samples.":[94],"We":[95],"first":[96],"extract":[97],"the":[98,107,123,127,133,150,168,176,180],"important":[100],"inherent":[101],"palmprint,":[105],"including":[106],"texture,":[108],"gradient":[109],"direction":[111],"features,":[112],"encode":[114],"them":[115],"into":[116],"triple-type":[117,128,158],"feature":[118,129,135,159],"codes.":[119],"Then,":[120],"use":[122],"block-wise":[124],"histograms":[125],"codes":[130],"form":[132],"descriptors":[136,160],"for":[137,161],"representation.":[139],"Finally,":[140],"employ":[142],"weighted":[144],"matching-score":[145],"level":[146],"fusion":[147],"calculate":[149],"similarity":[151],"between":[152],"two":[153],"compared":[154],"recognition.":[163],"Extensive":[164],"experimental":[165],"results":[166],"on":[167],"three":[169],"widely":[170],"used":[171],"databases":[173],"clearly":[174],"show":[175],"promising":[177],"effectiveness":[178],"proposed":[181],"method.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}