{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179908637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144650","title":"Ultra-Wideband Indoor Positioning and IMU-Based Activity Recognition for Ice Hockey Analytics","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Indoor Positioning and IMU-Based Activity Recognition for Ice Hockey Analytics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179908637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144650","mag":"3179908637","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34300390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4650/pdf?version=1625648863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4650/pdf?version=1625648863","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045288495","display_name":"Robbe Vleugels","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robbe Vleugels","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045933854","display_name":"Ben Van Herbruggen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8900-4881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Van Herbruggen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8900-4881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005542751","display_name":"Jaron Fontaine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-9440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaron Fontaine","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-9440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026442244","display_name":"Eli De Poorter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-5751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eli De Poorter","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-5751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University-imec, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045933854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.4568,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93104074,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"14","first_page":"4650","last_page":"4650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-hockey","display_name":"Ice hockey","score":0.7386893033981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6878478527069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6430056095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.556917130947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4436133801937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4259200096130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41346976161003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18558987975120544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993743986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41466","display_name":"Ice hockey","level":2,"score":0.7386893033981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6878478527069092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6430056095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.556917130947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4436133801937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4259200096130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41346976161003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18558987975120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006688","descriptor_name":"Hockey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006688","descriptor_name":"Hockey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006688","descriptor_name":"Hockey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012399","descriptor_name":"Rotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012399","descriptor_name":"Rotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012399","descriptor_name":"Rotation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4650/pdf?version=1625648863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34300390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34300390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8717049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8717049","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8717049/file/8717050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1424-8220","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:025c0272c1284031bfaa81dbec3f6f46","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/025c0272c1284031bfaa81dbec3f6f46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 14, p 4650 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/14/4650/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 14; Pages: 4650","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8309498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8309498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144650","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4650/pdf?version=1625648863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179908637.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179908637.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894654829","https://openalex.org/W1895547427","https://openalex.org/W1897495179","https://openalex.org/W1911829045","https://openalex.org/W1970465481","https://openalex.org/W1989577653","https://openalex.org/W2027150542","https://openalex.org/W2067306878","https://openalex.org/W2076144758","https://openalex.org/W2116419039","https://openalex.org/W2119017476","https://openalex.org/W2170692391","https://openalex.org/W2181616869","https://openalex.org/W2245838994","https://openalex.org/W2301749043","https://openalex.org/W2402514617","https://openalex.org/W2487711515","https://openalex.org/W2590106597","https://openalex.org/W2604710118","https://openalex.org/W2774398956","https://openalex.org/W2783574669","https://openalex.org/W2783630587","https://openalex.org/W2784192698","https://openalex.org/W2786199355","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2795649024","https://openalex.org/W2897722020","https://openalex.org/W2905847620","https://openalex.org/W2911252915","https://openalex.org/W2913164720","https://openalex.org/W2928259172","https://openalex.org/W2937527491","https://openalex.org/W2945445771","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2972317743","https://openalex.org/W2982659423","https://openalex.org/W2983384859","https://openalex.org/W2995012970","https://openalex.org/W3044972883","https://openalex.org/W3058709557","https://openalex.org/W3124118650","https://openalex.org/W6669622397","https://openalex.org/W6685764666","https://openalex.org/W6697803964","https://openalex.org/W6829846596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021017311","https://openalex.org/W2979904472","https://openalex.org/W2085903997","https://openalex.org/W3140262113","https://openalex.org/W2091018038","https://openalex.org/W2953110752","https://openalex.org/W2771899524","https://openalex.org/W1841536913","https://openalex.org/W2754510181","https://openalex.org/W2788511238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"gathering":[1],"statistics":[2],"and":[3,23,36,45,62,121,160],"information":[4,178],"for":[5,127,165,197],"ice":[6,67,168,201],"hockey":[7,68],"training":[8],"purposes":[9],"mostly":[10],"happens":[11],"by":[12],"hand,":[13],"whereas":[14],"the":[15,78,104,130,153,156,198],"automated":[16],"systems":[17],"that":[18,41,152,189],"do":[19],"exist":[20],"are":[21],"expensive":[22],"difficult":[24],"to":[25,48,59,76,102,175],"set":[26],"up.":[27],"To":[28],"remedy":[29],"this,":[30],"in":[31,167],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"analyse":[37],"a":[38,86,90,106,112,124,133,143,180,194],"wearable":[39],"system":[40,140,192],"combines":[42],"player":[43,84],"localisation":[44],"activity":[46],"classification":[47],"automatically":[49,119],"gather":[50,176],"information.":[51],"A":[52,70],"stick-worn":[53],"inertial":[54],"measurement":[55,126],"unit":[56],"was":[57,74,109,148,173],"used":[58,101],"capture":[60],"acceleration":[61],"rotation":[63],"data":[64,98,157],"from":[65,81,99,123],"six":[66,79],"activities.":[69],"convolutional":[71],"neural":[72],"network":[73],"able":[75],"distinguish":[77],"activities":[80,116],"an":[82],"unseen":[83,97],"with":[85],"76%":[87],"accuracy":[88,108,164],"at":[89,142],"sample":[91],"frequency":[92],"of":[93,132,136,183,200],"100":[94],"Hz.":[95],"Using":[96],"players":[100],"train":[103],"model,":[105],"99%":[107],"reached.":[110],"With":[111],"peak":[113],"detection":[114],"algorithm,":[115],"could":[117],"be":[118],"detected":[120],"extracted":[122],"complete":[125],"classification.":[128],"Additionally,":[129],"feasibility":[131],"time":[134],"difference":[135],"arrival":[137],"based":[138],"ultra-wideband":[139],"operating":[141],"25":[144],"Hz":[145],"update":[146],"rate":[147],"determined.":[149],"We":[150],"concluded":[151],"system,":[154],"when":[155],"were":[158],"filtered":[159],"smoothed,":[161],"provided":[162],"acceptable":[163],"use":[166],"hockey.":[169,202],"Combining":[170],"both,":[171],"it":[172],"possible":[174],"useful":[177],"about":[179],"wide":[181],"range":[182],"interesting":[184],"performance":[185],"measures.":[186],"This":[187],"shows":[188],"our":[190],"proposed":[191],"is":[193],"suitable":[195],"solution":[196],"analysis":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-27T09:02:27.158192","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}