{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3182251701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144627","title":"A Bond-Wire Drift Offset Minimized Capacitance-to-Digital Interface for MEMS Accelerometer with Gain-Enhanced VCO-Based Quantization and Nested Digital Chopping Feedback Loops","display_name":"A Bond-Wire Drift Offset Minimized Capacitance-to-Digital Interface for MEMS Accelerometer with Gain-Enhanced VCO-Based Quantization and Nested Digital Chopping Feedback Loops","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3182251701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144627","mag":"3182251701","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34300367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4627/pdf?version=1625563329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4627/pdf?version=1625563329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087341259","display_name":"Fanyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-7867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province Integrated Circuit Design Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Integrated Circuit Design Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037551819","display_name":"Tao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087392088","display_name":"Haigang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-9730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haigang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Shandong Industrial Institute of Integrated Circuits Technology Ltd., Jinan 250001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-9730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Industrial Institute of Integrated Circuits Technology Ltd., Jinan 250001, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087392088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0659956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"14","first_page":"4627","last_page":"4627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.6754220128059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6075160503387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.558343231678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.5433711409568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5389997959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4932998716831207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.4856085181236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-bias","display_name":"DC bias","score":0.4540402293205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4488917291164398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-loop","display_name":"Feedback loop","score":0.4485701620578766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.4340285658836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.4163970649242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4152581989765167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4058980345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30931681394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.26431167125701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21115365624427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.19301602244377136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6754220128059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6075160503387451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.558343231678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.5433711409568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5389997959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4932998716831207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.4856085181236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88682704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2907415","display_name":"DC bias","level":3,"score":0.4540402293205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4488917291164398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186886427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441213","display_name":"Feedback loop","level":2,"score":0.4485701620578766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.4340285658836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.4163970649242401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4152581989765167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4058980345726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30931681394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.26431167125701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21115365624427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.19301602244377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4627/pdf?version=1625563329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34300367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34300367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb46748781474b45bd27f34eed28bee2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb46748781474b45bd27f34eed28bee2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 14, p 4627 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/14/4627/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 14; Pages: 4627","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8309490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8309490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21144627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4627/pdf?version=1625563329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G49856356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61974146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3182251701.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3182251701.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581627921","https://openalex.org/W1998202609","https://openalex.org/W2024307586","https://openalex.org/W2034618373","https://openalex.org/W2066784588","https://openalex.org/W2103198996","https://openalex.org/W2104267440","https://openalex.org/W2144637390","https://openalex.org/W2427197291","https://openalex.org/W2541975203","https://openalex.org/W2563505887","https://openalex.org/W2595573773","https://openalex.org/W2742879744","https://openalex.org/W2745203428","https://openalex.org/W2767758041","https://openalex.org/W2899824005","https://openalex.org/W2920855336","https://openalex.org/W3100942185","https://openalex.org/W4239309307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070109416","https://openalex.org/W1523213765","https://openalex.org/W2388316590","https://openalex.org/W4388486464","https://openalex.org/W2380576078","https://openalex.org/W2902200568","https://openalex.org/W3157583314","https://openalex.org/W2079831558","https://openalex.org/W2077685646","https://openalex.org/W2323214782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"output":[4,26,37,67,133],"offset":[5,38,68,85,121,127,134],"minimized":[6],"capacitance-to-digital":[7],"interface":[8,22,63,101],"for":[9,81],"a":[10,14,27,47,92,103,112,145],"MEMS":[11],"accelerometer.":[12],"With":[13,117],"gain-enhanced":[15],"voltage-controlled":[16],"oscillator":[17],"(VCO)-based":[18],"quantization":[19,58],"loop,":[20],"the":[21,36,44,56,62,66,100,118,126,131],"is":[23,53,78,141],"able":[24],"to":[25,64,123],"digital":[28,49,70],"signal":[29],"with":[30,87,91,108,144],"improved":[31],"dynamic":[32,82,106],"range.":[33],"For":[34],"optimizing":[35],"caused":[39],"by":[40],"nonideal":[41],"factors":[42],"(e.g.,":[43],"bond-wire":[45],"drift),":[46],"nested":[48],"chopping":[50],"feedback":[51],"loop":[52,129],"embedded":[54],"in":[55],"VCO-based":[57],"loop.":[59],"It":[60],"enables":[61],"minimize":[65],"without":[69],"filtering":[71],"and":[72,84],"digital-to-analog":[73],"conversion.":[74],"The":[75,138],"proposed":[76],"architecture":[77],"well":[79],"suited":[80],"range":[83,107],"improvements":[86],"low":[88],"cost.":[89],"Fabricated":[90],"0.18":[93],"\u03bcm":[94],"Global":[95],"Foundry":[96],"(GF)":[97],"CMOS":[98],"process,":[99],"offers":[102],"78":[104],"dB":[105],"0.4%":[109],"nonlinearity":[110],"from":[111],"single":[113],"2":[114],"V":[115],"supply.":[116],"input":[119],"referred":[120],"up":[122],"1.3":[124],"pF,":[125],"cancellation":[128],"keeps":[130],"DC":[132],"within":[135],"40":[136],"mV.":[137],"power":[139],"dissipation":[140],"6.5":[142],"mW":[143],"bandwidth":[146],"of":[147],"4":[148],"kHz.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}