{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180846395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134610","title":"Cyberattack on Flight Safety: Detection and Mitigation Using LoRa","display_name":"Cyberattack on Flight Safety: Detection and Mitigation Using LoRa","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180846395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134610","mag":"3180846395","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34283155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4610/pdf?version=1625637553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4610/pdf?version=1625637553","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005998936","display_name":"Rony Ronen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1300-5236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rony Ronen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057627211","display_name":"Boaz Ben\u2010Moshe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-5421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boaz Ben-Moshe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1580-5421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057627211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67086932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"13","first_page":"4610","last_page":"4610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6861670017242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5409866571426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.4999415874481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-dependent-surveillance-broadcast","display_name":"Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast","score":0.4845951795578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.47019657492637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.4678889811038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-control","display_name":"Air traffic control","score":0.4467690587043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.43783900141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3996883034706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3940299451351166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6861670017242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5409866571426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.4999415874481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183384803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787172","display_name":"Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast","level":3,"score":0.4845951795578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.47019657492637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.4678889811038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.4467690587043762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43783900141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3996883034706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3940299451351166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007256","descriptor_name":"Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4610/pdf?version=1625637553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34283155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34283155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7781e8ce99a4e37b75c909644ee450d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7781e8ce99a4e37b75c909644ee450d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 13, p 4610 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/13/4610/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 13; Pages: 4610","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8271696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8271696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134610","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4610/pdf?version=1625637553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180846395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3180846395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981647260","https://openalex.org/W2917931339","https://openalex.org/W2923006159","https://openalex.org/W2923040934","https://openalex.org/W2932590092","https://openalex.org/W2947827092","https://openalex.org/W2969954411","https://openalex.org/W2983008824","https://openalex.org/W3038900662","https://openalex.org/W3104706117","https://openalex.org/W3125720895","https://openalex.org/W3167783056","https://openalex.org/W6761362342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123738481","https://openalex.org/W2542262175","https://openalex.org/W2772531505","https://openalex.org/W2125388883","https://openalex.org/W2010431714","https://openalex.org/W630420931","https://openalex.org/W2119269691","https://openalex.org/W2142587983","https://openalex.org/W2181913148","https://openalex.org/W2969954411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Dependent":[1],"Surveillance-Broadcast":[2],"(ADS-B)":[3],"is":[4,23,72,128],"the":[5,18,31,41,46,50,86,117,132,136,145,170],"main":[6],"communication":[7],"system":[8,22,108,147],"currently":[9],"being":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,45,151,162,165],"Air":[13],"Traffic":[14],"Control":[15],"(ATC)":[16],"around":[17],"world.":[19],"The":[20],"ADS-B":[21,53,174],"planned":[24],"to":[25,65,91,115,130,159],"be":[26,149],"a":[27,73,110,121,152],"key":[28],"component":[29],"of":[30,52,59,105,123,135,155,167,172],"Federal":[32],"Aviation":[33],"Administration":[34],"(FAA)":[35],"NextGen":[36],"plan,":[37],"which":[38],"will":[39],"manage":[40],"increasingly":[42],"congested":[43],"airspace":[44],"coming":[47],"decades.":[48],"While":[49],"benefits":[51],"are":[54],"widely":[55],"known,":[56],"its":[57,63],"lack":[58],"security":[60],"measures":[61],"and":[62,70,88,98,125],"vulnerability":[64],"cyberattacks":[66,87,168],"such":[67],"as":[68,109],"jamming":[69],"spoofing":[71],"great":[74],"concern":[75],"for":[76,101],"flight":[77,139,163],"safety":[78,113,140,164],"experts.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,95],"first":[84],"summarize":[85],"challenges":[89],"related":[90],"ADS-B's":[92],"vulnerabilities.":[93],"Thereafter,":[94],"present":[96],"theoretical":[97],"practical":[99],"methods":[100],"implementing":[102],"an":[103,160],"Internet":[104],"Things":[106],"(IoT)-based":[107],"possible":[111],"additional":[112],"layer":[114],"mitigate":[116],"presented":[118,129,146],"cyber-vulnerabilities.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"set":[122],"simulations":[124],"field":[126],"experiments":[127],"test":[131],"expected":[133],"performance":[134],"suggested":[137],"IoT":[138],"system.":[141],"We":[142],"conjecture":[143],"that":[144],"can":[148],"implemented":[150],"wide":[153],"range":[154],"civilian":[156],"airplanes,":[157],"leading":[158],"improvement":[161],"cases":[166],"or":[169],"absence":[171],"reliable":[173],"communication.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-01T08:46:32.239190","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}