{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173963551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134538","title":"SAR ATR for Limited Training Data Using DS-AE Network","display_name":"SAR ATR for Limited Training Data Using DS-AE Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173963551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134538","mag":"3173963551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34283072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4538/pdf?version=1625445638","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4538/pdf?version=1625445638","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101684614","display_name":"Ji Hoon Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-5206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hoon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055648575","display_name":"Seung Mo Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-3050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Mo Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-3050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103098444","display_name":"Ji-Hee Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-723X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hee Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101684614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.8538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9736144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"13","first_page":"4538","last_page":"4538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6528963446617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6394122242927551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6212893724441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6047885417938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5465320348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5464292168617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.543795108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5218876004219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4875625967979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4756956994533539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3756190240383148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18087798357009888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6528963446617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6394122242927551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6212893724441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6047885417938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5465320348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5464292168617249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.543795108795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5218876004219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4875625967979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4756956994533539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3756190240383148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18087798357009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011825","descriptor_name":"Radar","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4538/pdf?version=1625445638","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34283072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34283072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:50d3e13969cc44258556411d29d38eea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/50d3e13969cc44258556411d29d38eea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 13, p 4538 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/13/4538/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 13; Pages: 4538","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8271368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8271368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4538/pdf?version=1625445638","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173963551.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173963551.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2038591350","https://openalex.org/W2053024573","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124014399","https://openalex.org/W2124648367","https://openalex.org/W2148791593","https://openalex.org/W2154610955","https://openalex.org/W2170719503","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2292481059","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2466539075","https://openalex.org/W2521772843","https://openalex.org/W2588453093","https://openalex.org/W2607666785","https://openalex.org/W2615263668","https://openalex.org/W2730249686","https://openalex.org/W2741749842","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2752788177","https://openalex.org/W2753007557","https://openalex.org/W2767966434","https://openalex.org/W2773828237","https://openalex.org/W2804451427","https://openalex.org/W2883279772","https://openalex.org/W2886347302","https://openalex.org/W2889621419","https://openalex.org/W2890212406","https://openalex.org/W2891609780","https://openalex.org/W2893301737","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2948594896","https://openalex.org/W2953100185","https://openalex.org/W2961699889","https://openalex.org/W2972928812","https://openalex.org/W2989280734","https://openalex.org/W2990401691","https://openalex.org/W2997085028","https://openalex.org/W3007696054","https://openalex.org/W3011118930","https://openalex.org/W3032972472","https://openalex.org/W3033996275","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3056736931","https://openalex.org/W3094709941","https://openalex.org/W3097392549","https://openalex.org/W3121583704","https://openalex.org/W3128670286","https://openalex.org/W3136341174","https://openalex.org/W3156926736","https://openalex.org/W6682713193","https://openalex.org/W6696636527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137365474","https://openalex.org/W2886347302","https://openalex.org/W2784759481","https://openalex.org/W1545594509","https://openalex.org/W3038591045","https://openalex.org/W1988723959","https://openalex.org/W2053024573","https://openalex.org/W4387802373","https://openalex.org/W4319779178","https://openalex.org/W2773828237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"automatic":[1],"target":[2,34,142,176],"recognition":[3,145,177],"(ATR)":[4],"with":[5,68,193],"synthetic":[6],"aperture":[7],"radar":[8],"(SAR)":[9],"images":[10,35],"has":[11],"been":[12],"one":[13],"of":[14,25,31,89,130,133,157],"the":[15,29,63,75,86,90,106,111,123,128,134,139,144,155,168,186,194],"most":[16],"important":[17],"research":[18],"topics,":[19],"there":[20],"is":[21,40,93,115],"an":[22],"inherent":[23],"problem":[24],"performance":[26,164],"degradation":[27],"when":[28],"number":[30,156],"labeled":[32],"SAR":[33,141,175],"for":[36,179],"training":[37,158,181],"a":[38,49,69,81,118],"classifier":[39],"limited.":[41],"To":[42],"address":[43],"this":[44,46],"problem,":[45],"article":[47],"proposes":[48],"double":[50],"squeeze-adaptive":[51],"excitation":[52,113],"(DS-AE)":[53],"network":[54,66,78,92,149,170],"where":[55],"new":[56,119],"channel":[57,83,108,136,189,197],"attention":[58,84,190,198],"modules":[59,191],"are":[60,151],"inserted":[61],"into":[62],"convolutional":[64],"neural":[65],"(CNN)":[67],"modified":[70],"ResNet18":[71],"architecture.":[72],"Based":[73],"on":[74],"squeeze-excitation":[76],"(SE)":[77],"that":[79,167],"employs":[80],"representative":[82],"mechanism,":[85],"squeeze":[87],"operation":[88,114],"DS-AE":[91,169],"carried":[94],"out":[95],"by":[96,117,153],"additional":[97],"fully":[98],"connected":[99],"layers":[100],"to":[101,126,185],"prevent":[102],"drastic":[103],"loss":[104],"in":[105,183],"original":[107],"information.":[109,137],"Then,":[110],"subsequent":[112],"performed":[116],"activation":[120],"function,":[121],"called":[122],"parametric":[124],"sigmoid,":[125],"improve":[127],"adaptivity":[129],"selective":[131],"emphasis":[132],"useful":[135],"Using":[138],"public":[140],"dataset,":[143],"rates":[146],"from":[147],"different":[148],"structures":[150],"compared":[152],"reducing":[154],"images.":[159],"The":[160],"analysis":[161],"results":[162],"and":[163,192],"comparison":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"showed":[171],"much":[172],"more":[173],"improved":[174],"performances":[178],"small":[180],"datasets":[182],"relation":[184],"CNN":[187],"without":[188],"conventional":[195],"SE":[196],"modules.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}