{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174924747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134272","title":"Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Underwater Vibration Measurement: Potential Hydropower Applications","display_name":"Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Underwater Vibration Measurement: Potential Hydropower Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174924747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134272","mag":"3174924747","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34206676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134272","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4272/pdf?version=1624375642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4272/pdf?version=1624375642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089757432","display_name":"Oscar de la Torre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5814-9460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oscar de la Torre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Fluids & Energy Lab, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5814-9460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Fluids & Energy Lab, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022864330","display_name":"Ignazio Floris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-0726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignazio Floris","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEAM, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEAM, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085755847","display_name":"Salvador Sales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-976X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvador Sales","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEAM, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEAM, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065861124","display_name":"Xavier Escaler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-7749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Escaler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Fluids & Energy Lab, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9374-7749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Fluids & Energy Lab, Universitat Polit\u00e9cnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089757432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81795021,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"13","first_page":"4272","last_page":"4272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12510","display_name":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.7868298292160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6421040296554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-doppler-vibrometer","display_name":"Laser Doppler vibrometer","score":0.6026134490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.5874178409576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating","display_name":"Grating","score":0.5207433700561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4384550452232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.42333441972732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.3921204209327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3728405237197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.357541024684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3572427034378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3108954131603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.2741907835006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.21172353625297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-beams","display_name":"Laser beams","score":0.14520031213760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.126339852809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10897603631019592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.7868298292160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6421040296554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96199931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724132","display_name":"Laser Doppler vibrometer","level":4,"score":0.6026134490966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.5874178409576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.5207433700561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4384550452232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.42333441972732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.3921204209327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3728405237197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.357541024684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3572427034378052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3108954131603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.2741907835006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.21172353625297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984025587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser beams","level":3,"score":0.14520031213760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.126339852809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10897603631019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134272","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4272/pdf?version=1624375642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34206676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34206676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28c8a3b038ff44609ba09783176cde6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28c8a3b038ff44609ba09783176cde6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 13, p 4272 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/13/4272/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 13; Pages: 4272","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8271917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8271917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/182724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/182724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400639","display_name":"RiuNet (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/347884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/347884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21134272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134272","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/13/4272/pdf?version=1624375642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8394328806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"814958","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3174924747.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112949338","https://openalex.org/W1802919608","https://openalex.org/W1979104645","https://openalex.org/W1991724925","https://openalex.org/W1996130291","https://openalex.org/W2012738776","https://openalex.org/W2100501961","https://openalex.org/W2106161392","https://openalex.org/W2157381189","https://openalex.org/W2479675523","https://openalex.org/W2526251565","https://openalex.org/W2590038703","https://openalex.org/W2886253469","https://openalex.org/W2890608288","https://openalex.org/W2901948809","https://openalex.org/W2936837241","https://openalex.org/W2969528921","https://openalex.org/W2971152721","https://openalex.org/W2997682838","https://openalex.org/W3037930154","https://openalex.org/W3111555313","https://openalex.org/W6638272194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3199221649","https://openalex.org/W3216900447","https://openalex.org/W2377366345","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W2994331714","https://openalex.org/W2793862890","https://openalex.org/W1975932505","https://openalex.org/W2005876584","https://openalex.org/W2394125011","https://openalex.org/W2354532673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,143,161],"present":[1],"paper":[2],"assesses":[3],"the":[4,59,93,114,132,191],"performance":[5],"and":[6,23,43,87,136,154,202],"characteristics":[7],"of":[8,36,54,82,90,100,116,119,163],"fiber":[9,70,169],"Bragg":[10,71,125],"grating":[11,72,126],"sensors,":[12],"with":[13,33,84,147,158],"a":[14,101,109,155,167,182],"special":[15],"interest":[16],"in":[17,20,166,185],"their":[18,88],"applications":[19],"hydraulic":[21],"machinery":[22],"systems.":[24],"hydropower":[26,122],"industry":[27,64],"is":[28,105,181],"turning":[29],"to":[30,41,67,75,112,130,137,175],"this":[31,117,186,189],"technology":[32,120],"high":[34,38,171],"expectations":[35],"obtaining":[37],"quality":[39],"data":[40],"validate":[42,113],"calibrate":[44],"numerical":[45],"models":[46],"that":[47],"could":[48],"be":[49],"used":[50,129],"as":[51,108],"digital":[52],"twins":[53],"key":[55],"assets,":[56],"further":[57],"strengthening":[58],"sector's":[60],"relevant":[61],"position":[62],"within":[63],"4.0.":[65],"Prior":[66],"any":[68],"validation,":[69],"sensors'":[73],"ability":[74],"perform":[76],"well":[77],"underwater":[78],"for":[79,121],"long":[80],"periods":[81],"time":[83],"minimal":[85],"degradation,":[86],"ease":[89],"scalability,":[91],"drew":[92],"authors\u00b4":[94],"attention.":[95],"A":[96],"simplified":[97],"modal":[98],"analysis":[99],"partially":[102],"submerged":[103],"beam":[104],"proposed":[106],"here":[107],"first":[110],"step":[111],"potential":[115],"type":[118],"applications.":[123],"Fiber":[124],"sensors":[127,165],"are":[128,145],"obtain":[131],"beam's":[133,192],"natural":[134],"frequencies":[135],"damp":[138],"vibrations":[139],"under":[140,199],"different":[141,200],"conditions.":[142,203],"results":[144],"compared":[146],"more":[148],"established":[149],"waterproof":[150],"electric":[151],"strain":[152],"gauges":[153],"laser":[156],"vibrometer":[157],"good":[159],"agreement.":[160],"presence":[162],"several":[164],"single":[168],"ensures":[170],"spatial":[172],"resolution,":[173],"fundamental":[174],"precisely":[176],"determine":[177],"vibration":[178,193],"patterns,":[179],"which":[180],"main":[183],"concern":[184],"industry.":[187],"In":[188],"work,":[190],"patterns":[194],"have":[195],"been":[196],"successfully":[197],"captured":[198],"excitations":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}