{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164301942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113687","title":"How Are Sports-Trackers Used by Runners? Running-Related Data, Personal Goals, and Self-Tracking in Running","display_name":"How Are Sports-Trackers Used by Runners? Running-Related Data, Personal Goals, and Self-Tracking in Running","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164301942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113687","mag":"3164301942","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34073181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21113687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113687","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3687/pdf?version=1622682477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3687/pdf?version=1622682477","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021698558","display_name":"Arma\u011fan Karahano\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-9763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arma\u011fan Karahano\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-9763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078890219","display_name":"R\u00faben Gouveia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-6198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00faben Gouveia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041476966","display_name":"Jasper Reenalda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104520","display_name":"Roessingh Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01dmjt679","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104520"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jasper Reenalda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands","Roessingh Research and Development, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roessingh Research and Development, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104520"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081239015","display_name":"Geke Ludden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-9865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geke Ludden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-9865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021698558"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.0958,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9655076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"3687","last_page":"3687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11542","display_name":"Behavioral Health and Interventions","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.9014186859130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-tracker","display_name":"Activity tracker","score":0.8366658687591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6846047043800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.5472542643547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5375151038169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47785326838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4367055594921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39705541729927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19795739650726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.10530617833137512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.9014186859130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6387636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16001686","display_name":"Activity tracker","level":3,"score":0.8366658687591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6846047043800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5472542643547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5375151038169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47785326838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4367055594921112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39705541729927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19795739650726318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.10530617833137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006040","descriptor_name":"Goals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21113687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113687","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3687/pdf?version=1622682477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34073181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34073181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/a934d227-c3a4-45d3-af94-e261abb90653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/a934d227-c3a4-45d3-af94-e261abb90653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Karahanoglu, A, De Freitas Gouveia, R H, Reenalda, J & Ludden, G D S 2021, 'How Are Sports-Trackers Used by Runners? Running-Related Data, Personal Goals, and Self-Tracking in Running', Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 21, no. 11, 3687. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113687, https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113687","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fc4bd7696814fd7a30818006a5c45d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fc4bd7696814fd7a30818006a5c45d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 11, p 3687 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/11/3687/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 11; Pages: 3687","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8198506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8198506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/a934d227-c3a4-45d3-af94-e261abb90653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21113687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113687","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3687/pdf?version=1622682477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164301942.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164301942.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561210174","https://openalex.org/W1911955076","https://openalex.org/W1915785740","https://openalex.org/W1924618820","https://openalex.org/W1957890759","https://openalex.org/W2002685175","https://openalex.org/W2010875089","https://openalex.org/W2020287812","https://openalex.org/W2024007418","https://openalex.org/W2036267721","https://openalex.org/W2081439502","https://openalex.org/W2091177731","https://openalex.org/W2117084729","https://openalex.org/W2130626845","https://openalex.org/W2138535943","https://openalex.org/W2140284854","https://openalex.org/W2143024297","https://openalex.org/W2172064665","https://openalex.org/W2318903536","https://openalex.org/W2387054884","https://openalex.org/W2442962116","https://openalex.org/W2461080746","https://openalex.org/W2487504631","https://openalex.org/W2509840104","https://openalex.org/W2737521299","https://openalex.org/W2766584264","https://openalex.org/W2769914810","https://openalex.org/W2780619615","https://openalex.org/W2796093111","https://openalex.org/W2809662848","https://openalex.org/W2811464536","https://openalex.org/W2884269621","https://openalex.org/W2924472360","https://openalex.org/W2931443126","https://openalex.org/W2946823762","https://openalex.org/W2968214701","https://openalex.org/W2972148170","https://openalex.org/W2992552571","https://openalex.org/W2996221763","https://openalex.org/W3013233300","https://openalex.org/W3013236038","https://openalex.org/W3034569498","https://openalex.org/W3090400297","https://openalex.org/W3102167143","https://openalex.org/W3127159455","https://openalex.org/W4211033381","https://openalex.org/W6673220147","https://openalex.org/W6699948071","https://openalex.org/W6771752869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964992803","https://openalex.org/W2759560710","https://openalex.org/W2514535745","https://openalex.org/W2512017221","https://openalex.org/W3203739001","https://openalex.org/W2957562983","https://openalex.org/W2796227045","https://openalex.org/W2560429339","https://openalex.org/W4366547315","https://openalex.org/W2091177731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,78,133,144],"this":[3],"research":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,34,43,94],"explore":[7,35],"the":[8,76,130],"roles":[9],"that":[10,52,74],"sports":[11,79],"trackers":[12,91],"and":[13,26,45,55,65,92,103,107,112,122,136,142],"running-related":[14,41,134],"data":[15,42,93,135],"play":[16],"in":[17,86,105],"runners'":[18,87],"personal":[19],"goal":[20],"achievement.":[21],"A":[22],"two-week":[23],"diary":[24],"study":[25,126],"semi-structured":[27],"interviews":[28],"were":[29,100],"conducted":[30],"with":[31,39,114],"22":[32],"runners":[33,37,141],"how":[36],"engage":[38],"their":[40,47,62,96],"set":[44],"achieve":[46,95],"running":[48,59],"goals.":[49,97],"We":[50,69,81],"found":[51,71],"participants":[53],"pursued":[54],"transitioned":[56],"between":[57],"different":[58],"goals":[60],"as":[61],"needs,":[63],"abilities,":[64],"surrounding":[66],"environment":[67],"changed.":[68],"also":[70],"multiple":[72],"motivations":[73,88],"shaped":[75],"use":[77,118],"trackers.":[80],"identified":[82],"two":[83],"main":[84],"categories":[85,99],"for":[89,117,121,140],"using":[90],"These":[98],"(i)":[101],"documenting":[102],"tracking":[104,145],"running,":[106],"(ii)":[108],"supporting":[109],"goal-oriented":[110],"reflections":[111],"actions,":[113],"various":[115],"reasons":[116],"while":[119],"preparing":[120],"during":[123],"running.":[124],"This":[125],"provides":[127],"insights":[128],"into":[129],"psychological":[131],"effects":[132],"signals":[137],"practical":[138],"implications":[139],"developers":[143],"technology.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}