{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160942753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103388","title":"Pedestrian Detection in Blind Area and Motion Classification Based on Rush-Out Risk Using Micro-Doppler Radar","display_name":"Pedestrian Detection in Blind Area and Motion Classification Based on Rush-Out Risk Using Micro-Doppler Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160942753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103388","mag":"3160942753","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34067972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103388","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3388/pdf?version=1621241318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3388/pdf?version=1621241318","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102393835","display_name":"Sora Hayashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sora Hayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091263992","display_name":"Kenshi Saho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-1231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63216439","display_name":"Toyama Prefectural University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xgh2v50","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63216439"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenshi Saho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan","Department of Intelligent Robotics, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0308, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-1231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Robotics, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0308, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63216439"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028894778","display_name":"Isobe Daiki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiki Isobe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017456302","display_name":"Masao Masugi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135768898","display_name":"Ritsumeikan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0197nmd03","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I4390039241"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masao Masugi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091263992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135768898","https://openalex.org/I63216439"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.544,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6252238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"3388","last_page":"3388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.7509359121322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6044196486473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5802842378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5721789002418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.5387211441993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.47077107429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.449843168258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.41407978534698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18425381183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.13286584615707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12162154912948608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7509359121322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6044196486473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5802842378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5721789002418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.5387211441993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47077107429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.449843168258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.41407978534698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18425381183624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.13286584615707397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12162154912948608}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103388","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3388/pdf?version=1621241318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34067972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34067972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8152293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8152293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b25c5db1c834efcb6070d34f366b1d6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b25c5db1c834efcb6070d34f366b1d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 10, p 3388 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/10/3388/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 10; Pages: 3388","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103388","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3388/pdf?version=1621241318","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3160942753.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977992720","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2059406831","https://openalex.org/W2095908604","https://openalex.org/W2096291014","https://openalex.org/W2140868313","https://openalex.org/W2146335854","https://openalex.org/W2424514403","https://openalex.org/W2577320660","https://openalex.org/W2621304640","https://openalex.org/W2787624095","https://openalex.org/W2801005410","https://openalex.org/W2916680656","https://openalex.org/W2921006771","https://openalex.org/W2971136491","https://openalex.org/W2979941291","https://openalex.org/W2990472920","https://openalex.org/W2991485606","https://openalex.org/W3006874802","https://openalex.org/W3009095326","https://openalex.org/W3016664689","https://openalex.org/W3047443221","https://openalex.org/W3048881240","https://openalex.org/W3131123667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W4205958986","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"remote":[1],"sensing":[2],"technologies":[3,17],"have":[4],"been":[5],"applied":[6],"in":[7,20,23,47,70,76,103,125],"intelligent":[8],"vehicles":[9],"and":[10,26,50,86],"robots":[11],"for":[12,42],"surrounding-environment":[13],"recognition.":[14],"However,":[15],"these":[16],"experience":[18],"difficulties":[19],"detecting":[21],"pedestrians":[22,46,101],"blind":[24,48,71,80,105],"areas":[25,49,72,81,106],"their":[27,64],"motions,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"rush-out":[31,57,98,123],"behaviors.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"this":[35],"issue,":[36],"we":[37],"present":[38],"a":[39],"radar-based":[40],"technique":[41],"the":[43,51,90,104,111],"detection":[44],"of":[45,53,56,92,97,119],"classification":[52,91],"different":[54,95,122],"risks":[55,96,124],"behaviors":[58,99,120],"among":[59,100],"detected":[60,102],"pedestrians.":[61],"We":[62,109],"verify":[63],"ability":[65],"to":[66,114],"detect":[67],"pedestrian":[68],"motion":[69],"by":[73,83],"conducting":[74],"experiments":[75],"two":[77],"environments":[78],"with":[79,94,121],"formed":[82],"outdoor":[84],"cars":[85],"indoor":[87],"walls.":[88],"Then,":[89],"motions":[93],"is":[107],"demonstrated.":[108],"use":[110],"clustering":[112],"method":[113],"accurately":[115],"classify":[116],"several":[117],"types":[118],"both":[126],"environments.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}