{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162001511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103377","title":"Can Machine Learning and PS-InSAR Reliably Stand in for Road Profilometric Surveys?","display_name":"Can Machine Learning and PS-InSAR Reliably Stand in for Road Profilometric Surveys?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162001511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103377","mag":"3162001511","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34066242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3377/pdf?version=1620900109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3377/pdf?version=1620900109","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089237787","display_name":"Nicholas Fiorentini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-8610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Fiorentini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Engineering School of the University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy","Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 81, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-8610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Engineering School of the University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 81, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013498917","display_name":"Mehdi Maboudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-2404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Maboudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 81, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-2404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 81, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051725025","display_name":"Pietro Leandri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-7749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Leandri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Engineering School of the University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-7749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Engineering School of the University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058624152","display_name":"Massimo Losa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-8534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Losa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Engineering School of the University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Engineering School of the University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089237787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504","https://openalex.org/I94509681"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":18.6128,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98641061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"3377","last_page":"3377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.569507360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5279385447502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3887571692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3812357783317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34533658623695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3345792591571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3333934545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26824671030044556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.569507360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5279385447502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3887571692466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3812357783317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34533658623695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3345792591571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3333934545516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26824671030044556}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3377/pdf?version=1620900109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34066242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34066242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1141141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1141141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d9ba2a6794ec42f582aa85e6b83900ab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d9ba2a6794ec42f582aa85e6b83900ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 10, p 3377 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/10/3377/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 10; Pages: 3377","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8151251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8151251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103377","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3377/pdf?version=1620900109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2380869677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20179BP4SM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7262012074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRIN project n\u00b020179BP4SM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162001511.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3162001511.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8896852","https://openalex.org/W30403551","https://openalex.org/W417454828","https://openalex.org/W604980702","https://openalex.org/W1571836963","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W1963630068","https://openalex.org/W1972916106","https://openalex.org/W1976586475","https://openalex.org/W1977773667","https://openalex.org/W1981047568","https://openalex.org/W1985479415","https://openalex.org/W1990865558","https://openalex.org/W1991445631","https://openalex.org/W1996951941","https://openalex.org/W2015804366","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2026637575","https://openalex.org/W2026796366","https://openalex.org/W2031169143","https://openalex.org/W2031713099","https://openalex.org/W2035135038","https://openalex.org/W2035805324","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2050823375","https://openalex.org/W2076546844","https://openalex.org/W2080037099","https://openalex.org/W2099008772","https://openalex.org/W2101953912","https://openalex.org/W2123632763","https://openalex.org/W2123737232","https://openalex.org/W2139628333","https://openalex.org/W2140928180","https://openalex.org/W2162298537","https://openalex.org/W2167191085","https://openalex.org/W2181167367","https://openalex.org/W2204693006","https://openalex.org/W2307805773","https://openalex.org/W2340287463","https://openalex.org/W2402008511","https://openalex.org/W2481438384","https://openalex.org/W2491159077","https://openalex.org/W2547032137","https://openalex.org/W2555874104","https://openalex.org/W2567522450","https://openalex.org/W2593181698","https://openalex.org/W2609891578","https://openalex.org/W2642328127","https://openalex.org/W2731152576","https://openalex.org/W2734428930","https://openalex.org/W2745383746","https://openalex.org/W2753306982","https://openalex.org/W2757641669","https://openalex.org/W2783889677","https://openalex.org/W2789894132","https://openalex.org/W2791817377","https://openalex.org/W2797092204","https://openalex.org/W2799757539","https://openalex.org/W2800342149","https://openalex.org/W2800735270","https://openalex.org/W2810188946","https://openalex.org/W2883123736","https://openalex.org/W2890167402","https://openalex.org/W2895187584","https://openalex.org/W2901917507","https://openalex.org/W2911075892","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2917804691","https://openalex.org/W2939945347","https://openalex.org/W2944114041","https://openalex.org/W2953423956","https://openalex.org/W2960786458","https://openalex.org/W2965383324","https://openalex.org/W2967778419","https://openalex.org/W2969608668","https://openalex.org/W2993403158","https://openalex.org/W2996355855","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3004732066","https://openalex.org/W3010559324","https://openalex.org/W3011323721","https://openalex.org/W3012173658","https://openalex.org/W3014064419","https://openalex.org/W3018962593","https://openalex.org/W3021491793","https://openalex.org/W3025694349","https://openalex.org/W3035580378","https://openalex.org/W3041776689","https://openalex.org/W3042932150","https://openalex.org/W3045297418","https://openalex.org/W3047291698","https://openalex.org/W3080331655","https://openalex.org/W3096509788","https://openalex.org/W3110789926","https://openalex.org/W4240349540","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600353168","https://openalex.org/W6614354802","https://openalex.org/W6637386731","https://openalex.org/W6684759661","https://openalex.org/W6719982585","https://openalex.org/W6722960724","https://openalex.org/W6729307537","https://openalex.org/W6731497216","https://openalex.org/W6756245267","https://openalex.org/W6758205849","https://openalex.org/W6776453582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790032735","https://openalex.org/W2373310320","https://openalex.org/W2781934594","https://openalex.org/W4384163768","https://openalex.org/W4385499758","https://openalex.org/W4400088992","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2387499565","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2159160885"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,52,149,192],"methodology":[4],"for":[5,38,166],"correlating":[6],"products":[7],"derived":[8],"by":[9,100,143,160,233,248],"Synthetic":[10],"Aperture":[11],"Radar":[12],"(SAR)":[13],"measurements":[14,110],"and":[15,116,132,145,163,176,207,264,279,285],"laser":[16],"profilometric":[17,109],"road":[18,49,156,188,229,281],"roughness":[19,115],"surveys.":[20],"The":[21],"procedure":[22],"stems":[23],"from":[24,87],"two":[25,197],"previous":[26],"studies,":[27],"in":[28,80,90,107,170,208,225],"which":[29,236],"several":[30,187],"Machine":[31],"Learning":[32],"Algorithms":[33],"(MLAs)":[34],"have":[35,251],"been":[36,252],"calibrated":[37],"predicting":[39],"the":[40,81,97,112,120,126,167,203,216,228,258,261,273],"average":[41],"vertical":[42],"displacement":[43],"(in":[44],"terms":[45],"of":[46,48,54,77,106,111,119,169,260,275],"mm/year)":[47],"pavements":[50],"as":[51,59,255],"result":[53],"exogenous":[55,161],"phenomena":[56,162],"occurrence,":[57],"such":[58],"subsidence.":[60],"Such":[61],"algorithms":[62],"are":[63,186],"based":[64],"on":[65],"surveys":[66],"performed":[67],"with":[68,103,286],"Persistent":[69],"Scatterer":[70],"Interferometric":[71],"SAR":[72],"(PS-InSAR)":[73],"over":[74,277],"an":[75,138],"area":[76],"964":[78],"km2":[79],"Tuscany":[82],"Region,":[83],"Central":[84],"Italy.":[85],"Starting":[86],"this":[88,91,179],"basis,":[89],"paper,":[92],"we":[93,152],"propose":[94],"to":[95,129,133,214,271],"integrate":[96,240],"information":[98],"provided":[99],"these":[101,196,226],"MLAs":[102,144,164,237,246],"10":[104],"km":[105],"situ":[108,171,209],"pavement":[113,218,262,276],"surface":[114],"relative":[117],"calculation":[118],"International":[121],"Roughness":[122],"Index":[123],"(IRI).":[124],"Accordingly,":[125],"aim":[127],"is":[128,137,158,205,231],"appreciate":[130],"whether":[131],"what":[134],"extent":[135],"there":[136,185],"association":[139,194],"between":[140],"displacements":[141],"estimated":[142],"IRI":[146],"values.":[147],"If":[148],"dependence":[150],"exists,":[151],"may":[153],"argue":[154],"that":[155,184,190,202],"regularity":[157,230],"driven":[159,232],"allow":[165],"replacement":[168],"surveys,":[172],"saving":[173],"considerable":[174],"time":[175],"money.":[177],"In":[178],"research":[180],"framework,":[181],"results":[182],"reveal":[183],"sections":[189],"manifest":[191],"clear":[193],"among":[195],"methods,":[198],"while":[199],"others":[200],"denote":[201],"relationship":[204],"weaker,":[206],"activities":[210],"cannot":[211],"be":[212,269],"bypassed":[213],"evaluate":[215],"real":[217],"conditions.":[219],"We":[220],"could":[221],"wrap":[222],"up":[223],"that,":[224],"stretches,":[227],"endogenous":[234,249],"factors":[235,250],"did":[238],"not":[239],"during":[241],"their":[242],"training.":[243],"Once":[244],"additional":[245],"conditioned":[247],"developed":[253],"(such":[254],"traffic":[256],"flow,":[257],"structure":[259],"layers,":[263],"material":[265],"characteristics),":[266],"practitioners":[267],"should":[268],"able":[270],"estimate":[272],"quality":[274],"extensive":[278],"complex":[280],"networks":[282],"quickly,":[283],"automatically,":[284],"relatively":[287],"low":[288],"costs.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}