{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161606486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103375","title":"Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users","display_name":"Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161606486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103375","mag":"3161606486","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34066223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3375/pdf?version=1620829939","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3375/pdf?version=1620829939","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072240955","display_name":"Tom\u00e1s Lara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-797X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69737025","display_name":"University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u00e1s Lara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013454474","display_name":"Alexis Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6987-8856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122369","display_name":"Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s","ror":"https://ror.org/02vbtzd72","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69737025","display_name":"University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexis Y\u00e1\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile","School of Industrial Engineer, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Santiago 8370003, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6987-8856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial Engineer, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Santiago 8370003, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007206257","display_name":"Sandra C\u00e9spedes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-2644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69737025","display_name":"University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandra C\u00e9spedes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile","NIC Chile Research Labs, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-2644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIC Chile Research Labs, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055329164","display_name":"Abdelhakim Hafid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-7344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Operational Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T IJ4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-7344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Operational Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T IJ4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007206257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.0439,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7394144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"3375","last_page":"3375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6475510001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5523633360862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.548248827457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5133177638053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4229970872402191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4115653336048126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3637843728065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19967123866081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.0832626223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08320930600166321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6475510001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5523633360862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.548248827457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5133177638053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4229970872402191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4115653336048126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3637843728065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19967123866081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0832626223564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08320930600166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3375/pdf?version=1620829939","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34066223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34066223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:97b5307a57104a9db122511def05fb1d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/97b5307a57104a9db122511def05fb1d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 10, p 3375 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/10/3375/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 10; Pages: 3375","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8150342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8150342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3375/pdf?version=1620829939","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6147097680","display_name":"ADVANCED CENTER FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING","funder_award_id":"FB0008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","funder_display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G700213943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FB0008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","funder_display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331146","display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334812","display_name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","ror":"https://ror.org/02ap3w078"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161606486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161606486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509061701","https://openalex.org/W1579387951","https://openalex.org/W1904404183","https://openalex.org/W1981459265","https://openalex.org/W2016840627","https://openalex.org/W2019719127","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2062789233","https://openalex.org/W2106741819","https://openalex.org/W2145286644","https://openalex.org/W2165272767","https://openalex.org/W2265360852","https://openalex.org/W2277604139","https://openalex.org/W2469152055","https://openalex.org/W2493462685","https://openalex.org/W2496606529","https://openalex.org/W2512029490","https://openalex.org/W2522745009","https://openalex.org/W2576524815","https://openalex.org/W2600003614","https://openalex.org/W2761937448","https://openalex.org/W2765476103","https://openalex.org/W2783711980","https://openalex.org/W2793807616","https://openalex.org/W2884665306","https://openalex.org/W2903209072","https://openalex.org/W2909253672","https://openalex.org/W2914650334","https://openalex.org/W2919776988","https://openalex.org/W2950935200","https://openalex.org/W2963268405","https://openalex.org/W2963775970","https://openalex.org/W2970451867","https://openalex.org/W2980439114","https://openalex.org/W3001997007","https://openalex.org/W3004367296","https://openalex.org/W3015873462","https://openalex.org/W3101480813","https://openalex.org/W3115931193","https://openalex.org/W3116537583","https://openalex.org/W3121723682","https://openalex.org/W4210493863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396235020","https://openalex.org/W2959160600","https://openalex.org/W1976985527","https://openalex.org/W1995417588","https://openalex.org/W3007061917","https://openalex.org/W2008332894","https://openalex.org/W2145396774","https://openalex.org/W2734490318","https://openalex.org/W1915245972","https://openalex.org/W2111242951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,74,102],"the":[1,10,29,40,43,49,106,130,137,146,161,174,178,207],"face":[2],"of":[3,12,28,85,139,148,176,188,209],"cooperative":[4],"intelligent":[5],"transportation":[6],"systems":[7],"(C-ITS)":[8],"advancements,":[9],"inclusion":[11,183],"vulnerable":[13],"road":[14],"users":[15],"(VRU),":[16],"i.e.,":[17],"pedestrians,":[18],"cyclists,":[19],"and":[20,48,99,120,181,203],"motorcyclists,":[21],"has":[22],"just":[23],"recently":[24],"become":[25],"a":[26,80,83,127],"part":[27],"discussion.":[30],"Including":[31],"VRU":[32,46,71,91,131,143,149,170,179,193,201],"in":[33,45,51,184],"C-ITS":[34,185],"presents":[35],"new":[36,128],"challenges,":[37],"most":[38],"notably":[39],"trade-off":[41,81],"between":[42],"increase":[44],"safety":[47],"aggravation":[50],"channel":[52,111,116,163],"congestion":[53],"resulting":[54],"from":[55,141],"VRU-generated":[56],"messages.":[57],"However,":[58],"previous":[59],"studies":[60],"mainly":[61],"focus":[62],"on":[63,192],"network-related":[64],"metrics":[65],"without":[66],"giving":[67],"much":[68],"consideration":[69],"to":[70,104,144,205],"safety-related":[72],"metrics.":[73],"this":[75],"context,":[76],"we":[77,125],"evaluated":[78],"such":[79,114],"with":[82],"study":[84],"motion-based":[86],"message":[87,107,210],"generation":[88,108,211],"rules":[89,94,109],"for":[90],"transmissions.":[92],"The":[93],"were":[95],"analyzed":[96],"using":[97,110],"theoretical":[98],"simulation-based":[100],"evaluations.":[101],"addition":[103],"studying":[105],"load":[112],"metrics,":[113],"as":[115],"busy":[117],"ratio":[118,123],"(CBR)":[119],"packet":[121],"delivery":[122],"(PDR),":[124],"introduced":[126],"metric:":[129],"Awareness":[132],"Probability":[133],"(VAP).":[134],"VAP":[135],"uses":[136],"exchange":[138],"messages":[140],"active":[142],"measure":[145],"probability":[147],"detection":[150],"by":[151],"nearby":[152],"vehicles.":[153],"Results":[154],"show":[155],"that":[156,199],"fixed":[157],"message-filtering":[158],"mechanisms":[159],"reduce":[160],"overall":[162],"load,":[164],"but":[165],"they":[166],"could":[167],"negatively":[168],"impact":[169,191],"detection.":[171],"We":[172,195],"established":[173],"importance":[175],"quantifying":[177],"awareness":[180],"its":[182,189],"analysis":[186],"because":[187],"direct":[190],"safety.":[194],"also":[196],"discussed":[197],"approaches":[198],"include":[200],"context":[202],"dynamism":[204],"improve":[206],"definition":[208],"rules.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}