{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161255418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103315","title":"Opportunistic Network Algorithms for Internet Traffic Offloading in Music Festival Scenarios","display_name":"Opportunistic Network Algorithms for Internet Traffic Offloading in Music Festival Scenarios","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161255418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103315","mag":"3161255418","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103315","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3315/pdf?version=1620782889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3315/pdf?version=1620782889","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049647333","display_name":"Aida-\u0218tefania Manole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aida-\u0218tefania Manole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081782236","display_name":"Radu\u2010Ioan Ciobanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-1139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Radu-Ioan Ciobanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-1139","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024776367","display_name":"Ciprian Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-7725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114681","display_name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest","ror":"https://ror.org/028rq5v79","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114681"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciprian Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-7725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012574978","display_name":"Raluca Purnichescu\u2010Purtan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-4574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raluca Purnichescu-Purtan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Methods and Models, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3881-4574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Methods and Models, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081782236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.2604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57995449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"10","first_page":"3315","last_page":"3315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7587714791297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.7122984528541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6559761762619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5967854261398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5693936944007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5116246342658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-algorithm","display_name":"Routing algorithm","score":0.4811897873878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4312690794467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-tolerant-networking","display_name":"Delay-tolerant networking","score":0.43014854192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3433423936367035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.27233290672302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.1918708086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.10473546385765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09459418058395386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7587714791297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.7122984528541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6559761762619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5967854261398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5693936944007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5116246342658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.4811897873878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4312690794467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53264328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55320","display_name":"Delay-tolerant networking","level":5,"score":0.43014854192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3433423936367035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.27233290672302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.1918708086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10473546385765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09459418058395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103315","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3315/pdf?version=1620782889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34064683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34064683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c1930d7453244ac9f2d71861abdafc4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c1930d7453244ac9f2d71861abdafc4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 10, p 3315 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/10/3315/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 10; Pages: 3315","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8151614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8151614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21103315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103315","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/10/3315/pdf?version=1620782889","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161255418.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3161255418.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572481965","https://openalex.org/W1584977346","https://openalex.org/W1988651441","https://openalex.org/W2010634640","https://openalex.org/W2012616897","https://openalex.org/W2039157284","https://openalex.org/W2040459121","https://openalex.org/W2057765123","https://openalex.org/W2065556789","https://openalex.org/W2123825896","https://openalex.org/W2124533275","https://openalex.org/W2125957038","https://openalex.org/W2127368921","https://openalex.org/W2145636261","https://openalex.org/W2151342861","https://openalex.org/W2159494053","https://openalex.org/W2289442452","https://openalex.org/W2334596696","https://openalex.org/W2522381981","https://openalex.org/W2769783678","https://openalex.org/W2787233090","https://openalex.org/W2793858570","https://openalex.org/W2802188826","https://openalex.org/W2808063694","https://openalex.org/W2962464699","https://openalex.org/W4238816334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149224531","https://openalex.org/W2160885658","https://openalex.org/W4247716783","https://openalex.org/W2357943673","https://openalex.org/W2098791961","https://openalex.org/W2483530712","https://openalex.org/W2144164383","https://openalex.org/W4230539218","https://openalex.org/W2137646787","https://openalex.org/W2154215043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Constant":[0],"Internet":[1],"connectivity":[2],"has":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,34,56,85,149],"necessity":[6],"in":[7,23,32,51],"our":[8],"lives.":[9],"Hence,":[10],"music":[11,86,150],"festival":[12],"organizers":[13],"allocate":[14],"part":[15],"of":[16,63,79,121],"their":[17],"budget":[18],"for":[19,111,145],"temporary":[20,81],"Wi-Fi":[21],"equipment":[22],"order":[24],"to":[25,42,47,66,136],"sustain":[26],"the":[27,72,77,80,119,131],"high":[28,43,112,138],"network":[29,69,82],"traffic":[30,65],"generated":[31],"such":[33],"small":[35],"geographical":[36],"area,":[37],"but":[38],"this":[39,52],"naturally":[40],"leads":[41],"costs":[44,78],"that":[45,58,64,90,130],"need":[46],"be":[48],"decreased.":[49],"Thus,":[50],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,91,95],"propose":[55,92],"solution":[57],"can":[59,101],"help":[60],"offload":[61],"some":[62],"an":[67],"opportunistic":[68],"created":[70],"with":[71],"attendees'":[73],"smartphones,":[74],"therefore":[75],"minimizing":[76],"infrastructure.":[83],"Using":[84],"festival-based":[87],"mobility":[88],"model":[89],"and":[93,117,141],"analyze,":[94],"introduce":[96],"two":[97],"routing":[98],"algorithms":[99],"which":[100],"enable":[102],"end-to-end":[103],"message":[104,122],"delivery":[105,139,143],"between":[106],"participants.":[107],"The":[108],"key":[109],"factors":[110],"performance":[113],"are":[114,134],"social":[115],"metrics":[116],"limiting":[118],"number":[120],"copies":[123],"at":[124,148],"any":[125],"given":[126],"time.":[127],"We":[128],"show":[129],"proposed":[132],"solutions":[133],"able":[135],"offer":[137],"rates":[140],"low":[142],"delays":[144],"various":[146],"scenarios":[147],"festival.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}