{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159168477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093205","title":"Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159168477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093205","mag":"3159168477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34063060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3205/pdf?version=1620375227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3205/pdf?version=1620375227","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100930654","display_name":"Danfeng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036543590","display_name":"Guiyang Lun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-0951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guiyang Lun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-0951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012209797","display_name":"Rui Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-6575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009240441","display_name":"Yanbo Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154110","display_name":"Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jbf9x18","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154110"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbo Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu 610036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu 610036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036543590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.6061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88485106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"3205","last_page":"3205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7809765338897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6895185708999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6893025636672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4570262134075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interior-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Interior gateway protocol","score":0.45581525564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.4378049671649933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.4109070301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3378499150276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.05898454785346985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7809765338897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6895185708999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6893025636672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4570262134075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52837422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431028","display_name":"Interior gateway protocol","level":5,"score":0.45581525564193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.4378049671649933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4109070301055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3378499150276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.05898454785346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3205/pdf?version=1620375227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34063060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34063060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d55626a2e57746959bbb6fd29393c822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d55626a2e57746959bbb6fd29393c822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 3205 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/9/3205/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 9; Pages: 3205","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8124670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8124670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093205","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3205/pdf?version=1620375227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3091832909","display_name":"\u6c34\u58f0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u55b7\u6cc9\u7801\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6280\u672f\u7684\u591a\u76ee\u6807\u4f18\u5316\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61371099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159168477.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58949250","https://openalex.org/W1554648094","https://openalex.org/W1834771425","https://openalex.org/W1965783630","https://openalex.org/W1976688311","https://openalex.org/W1979744784","https://openalex.org/W1981118980","https://openalex.org/W2002030764","https://openalex.org/W2010634640","https://openalex.org/W2014724694","https://openalex.org/W2028250199","https://openalex.org/W2047198088","https://openalex.org/W2048442728","https://openalex.org/W2060907774","https://openalex.org/W2079064954","https://openalex.org/W2093125009","https://openalex.org/W2093970074","https://openalex.org/W2099057525","https://openalex.org/W2099521843","https://openalex.org/W2103463481","https://openalex.org/W2103559118","https://openalex.org/W2105259763","https://openalex.org/W2106986959","https://openalex.org/W2109467328","https://openalex.org/W2116715593","https://openalex.org/W2124848314","https://openalex.org/W2125984736","https://openalex.org/W2129879516","https://openalex.org/W2130166556","https://openalex.org/W2148506166","https://openalex.org/W2149472588","https://openalex.org/W2156598119","https://openalex.org/W2160326135","https://openalex.org/W2161080764","https://openalex.org/W2164747194","https://openalex.org/W2166210681","https://openalex.org/W2169011930","https://openalex.org/W2170388813","https://openalex.org/W2171488201","https://openalex.org/W2245365159","https://openalex.org/W2273380075","https://openalex.org/W2294734859","https://openalex.org/W2509406813","https://openalex.org/W2516192284","https://openalex.org/W2529472540","https://openalex.org/W2570477457","https://openalex.org/W2736862060","https://openalex.org/W2801616940","https://openalex.org/W2803904107","https://openalex.org/W2884551761","https://openalex.org/W2885275452","https://openalex.org/W2971438806","https://openalex.org/W3124437655","https://openalex.org/W3152137621","https://openalex.org/W3159168477","https://openalex.org/W4237064274","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6684418775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128816990","https://openalex.org/W2182380586","https://openalex.org/W2051755068","https://openalex.org/W4220786991","https://openalex.org/W2032231484","https://openalex.org/W2373440974","https://openalex.org/W2110333561","https://openalex.org/W2069654893","https://openalex.org/W2904118576","https://openalex.org/W1976391460"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"wireless":[1],"sensor":[2],"networks":[3],"(UWSNs)":[4],"have":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,102,122,155,174],"promising":[9],"technology":[10],"to":[11,31,66,73,110,140,150,193],"monitor":[12],"and":[13,125],"explore":[14],"the":[15,32,36,68,112,129,132,147,152,169,185],"oceans":[16],"instead":[17],"of":[18,35,121,168],"traditional":[19],"undersea":[20],"wireline":[21],"instruments.":[22],"Traditional":[23],"routing":[24,77,84],"protocols":[25,44,85],"are":[26,87],"inefficient":[27],"for":[28,49,89],"UWSNs":[29,90],"due":[30],"specific":[33,175],"nature":[34],"underwater":[37,58],"environment.":[38],"In":[39,99,128,146],"contrast,":[40],"Opportunistic":[41,104],"Routing":[42,105],"(OR)":[43],"establish":[45],"an":[46,63,75,142],"online":[47],"route":[48],"each":[50],"transmission,":[51],"which":[52],"can":[53],"well":[54],"adapt":[55],"with":[56,159],"time-varying":[57],"channel.":[59],"Cross-layer":[60],"design":[61],"is":[62,108,138,162],"effective":[64],"approach":[65],"combine":[67],"metrics":[69],"from":[70,92],"different":[71],"layers":[72],"optimize":[74],"OR":[76,83],"in":[78,114,135,173],"UWSNs.":[79,117],"However,":[80],"typical":[81],"cross-layer":[82,133],"that":[86,181],"designed":[88],"suffer":[91],"congestion":[93,113],"problem":[94],"at":[95,188],"high":[96],"traffic":[97,190],"loads.":[98],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"Cross-Layer-Aided":[103],"Protocol":[106],"(CLOR)":[107],"proposed":[109,170],"reduce":[111],"multi-hop":[115],"sparse":[116],"The":[118],"CLOR":[119,171,182],"consists":[120],"negotiation":[123,130],"phase":[124],"transmission":[126,148,153,157],"phase.":[127],"phase,":[131,149],"information":[134],"fuzzy":[136],"logic":[137],"utilized":[139],"attain":[141],"optimal":[143],"forwarder":[144],"node.":[145],"improve":[151],"performance,":[154],"burst":[156],"strategy":[158],"network":[160,186],"coding":[161],"exploited.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"we":[165],"perform":[166],"simulations":[167],"protocol":[172],"sea":[176],"region.":[177],"Simulation":[178],"results":[179],"show":[180],"significantly":[183],"improves":[184],"performances":[187],"various":[189],"rates":[191],"compared":[192],"existing":[194],"protocols.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
