{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158202104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093172","title":"Non-Contact Monitoring and Classification of Breathing Pattern for the Supervision of People Infected by COVID-19","display_name":"Non-Contact Monitoring and Classification of Breathing Pattern for the Supervision of People Infected by COVID-19","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158202104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093172","mag":"3158202104","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34063576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093172","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3172/pdf?version=1620377402","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3172/pdf?version=1620377402","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044932379","display_name":"Ariana Tulus Purnomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-8172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ariana Tulus Purnomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-8172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028155866","display_name":"Ding\u2010Bing Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-0609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ding-Bing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-0609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072122143","display_name":"Tjahjo Adiprabowo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-0609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tjahjo Adiprabowo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-0609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039694103","display_name":"Willy Fitra Hendria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-3981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willy Fitra Hendria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-3981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028155866","https://openalex.org/A5044932379"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.7532,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9592547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"3172","last_page":"3172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.7028062343597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.6712104678153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6597417593002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6520124673843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5826600790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.471555233001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.459891140460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.4516167640686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4383113384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.43292829394340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4310651421546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4157482981681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3714955449104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35786813497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18806302547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1292893886566162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.7028062343597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.6712104678153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6597417593002319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6520124673843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5826600790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.471555233001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.459891140460968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.4516167640686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4383113384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.43292829394340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4310651421546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4157482981681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3714955449104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35786813497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18806302547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1292893886566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093172","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3172/pdf?version=1620377402","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34063576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34063576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67cef524d6b74c3ba6e763bcca37d114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67cef524d6b74c3ba6e763bcca37d114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 3172 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/9/3172/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 9; Pages: 3172","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8125653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8125653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093172","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3172/pdf?version=1620377402","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5360602121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2218-E-011-014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158202104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3158202104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13659829","https://openalex.org/W1637616819","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1969905239","https://openalex.org/W2004225242","https://openalex.org/W2011049057","https://openalex.org/W2011989160","https://openalex.org/W2016311027","https://openalex.org/W2029758370","https://openalex.org/W2030153889","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2072916732","https://openalex.org/W2075959322","https://openalex.org/W2077332544","https://openalex.org/W2078934723","https://openalex.org/W2085522395","https://openalex.org/W2089607777","https://openalex.org/W2090269566","https://openalex.org/W2091764829","https://openalex.org/W2095443612","https://openalex.org/W2097721391","https://openalex.org/W2106234588","https://openalex.org/W2112132494","https://openalex.org/W2122887733","https://openalex.org/W2137355544","https://openalex.org/W2144454196","https://openalex.org/W2147272903","https://openalex.org/W2165309960","https://openalex.org/W2193763775","https://openalex.org/W2284913600","https://openalex.org/W2291089494","https://openalex.org/W2292983826","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2344494366","https://openalex.org/W2408807905","https://openalex.org/W2560813969","https://openalex.org/W2565837874","https://openalex.org/W2616275323","https://openalex.org/W2625836555","https://openalex.org/W2734845228","https://openalex.org/W2745197867","https://openalex.org/W2768978460","https://openalex.org/W2790954537","https://openalex.org/W2808702971","https://openalex.org/W2902552374","https://openalex.org/W2904729097","https://openalex.org/W2905640213","https://openalex.org/W2939037054","https://openalex.org/W2940010537","https://openalex.org/W2942739537","https://openalex.org/W2945319194","https://openalex.org/W2951897779","https://openalex.org/W2969595274","https://openalex.org/W2974226806","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W2999525623","https://openalex.org/W3007940623","https://openalex.org/W3008294222","https://openalex.org/W3009155534","https://openalex.org/W3009976289","https://openalex.org/W3010299795","https://openalex.org/W3010699833","https://openalex.org/W3011424659","https://openalex.org/W3011739897","https://openalex.org/W3012088940","https://openalex.org/W3012311943","https://openalex.org/W3012431078","https://openalex.org/W3012619627","https://openalex.org/W3012809680","https://openalex.org/W3013398803","https://openalex.org/W3016131164","https://openalex.org/W3016206881","https://openalex.org/W3022592783","https://openalex.org/W3028008698","https://openalex.org/W3041016726","https://openalex.org/W3042211652","https://openalex.org/W3080114927","https://openalex.org/W3080485998","https://openalex.org/W3081125651","https://openalex.org/W3088266987","https://openalex.org/W3089448853","https://openalex.org/W3094393010","https://openalex.org/W3098936769","https://openalex.org/W3105081694","https://openalex.org/W3112062297","https://openalex.org/W3122233424","https://openalex.org/W3126346180","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4245923654","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6696544004","https://openalex.org/W6774960221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377235482","https://openalex.org/W2351454232","https://openalex.org/W2382227980","https://openalex.org/W2349769824","https://openalex.org/W2914532148","https://openalex.org/W2065883652","https://openalex.org/W2921132911","https://openalex.org/W2098383409","https://openalex.org/W2042041186","https://openalex.org/W3196195804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,14,18,39,43,61,93,114,137,168,171,176,178,196],"pandemic":[2],"of":[3,16,60,170,198],"coronavirus":[4],"disease-2019":[5],"(COVID-19),":[6],"medical":[7,87],"practitioners":[8],"need":[9],"non-contact":[10,86],"devices":[11],"to":[12,32,83,135,192],"reduce":[13],"risk":[15],"spreading":[17],"virus.":[19],"People":[20],"with":[21,34,64,100,147,203],"COVID-19":[22],"usually":[23],"experience":[24],"fever":[25],"and":[26,68,91,127,152,194],"have":[27,104],"difficulty":[28],"breathing.":[29],"Unsupervised":[30],"care":[31],"patients":[33,202],"respiratory":[35,199],"problems":[36,200],"will":[37],"be":[38,111,190],"main":[40],"reason":[41],"for":[42,155],"rising":[44],"death":[45],"rate.":[46,116],"Periodic":[47],"linearly":[48],"increasing":[49],"frequency":[50],"chirp,":[51],"known":[52],"as":[53],"frequency-modulated":[54],"continuous":[55],"wave":[56],"(FMCW),":[57],"is":[58,142],"one":[59],"radar":[62],"technologies":[63],"a":[65,85,101,148],"low-power":[66],"operation":[67],"high-resolution":[69],"detection":[70],"which":[71],"can":[72],"detect":[73,193],"any":[74],"tiny":[75],"movement.":[76],"In":[77,157],"this":[78,158],"study,":[79,159],"we":[80,118],"use":[81],"FMCW":[82],"develop":[84],"device":[88],"that":[89,109],"monitors":[90],"classifies":[92],"breathing":[94,102,107,115,138,172],"pattern":[95,139],"in":[96,166,201],"real":[97],"time.":[98],"Patients":[99],"disorder":[103],"an":[105,120,143,181],"unusual":[106],"characteristic":[108],"cannot":[110],"represented":[112],"using":[113],"Thus,":[117,184],"created":[119],"Xtreme":[121],"Gradient":[122],"Boosting":[123],"(XGBoost)":[124],"classification":[125],"model":[126],"adopted":[128],"Mel-frequency":[129],"cepstral":[130],"coefficient":[131],"(MFCC)":[132],"feature":[133,161],"extraction":[134,162],"classify":[136],"behavior.":[140],"XGBoost":[141],"ensemble":[144],"machine-learning":[145],"technique":[146],"fast":[149],"execution":[150],"time":[151],"good":[153],"scalability":[154],"predictions.":[156],"MFCC":[160],"assists":[163],"machine":[164],"learning":[165],"extracting":[167],"features":[169],"signal.":[173],"Based":[174],"on":[175],"results,":[177],"system":[179,187],"obtained":[180],"acceptable":[182],"accuracy.":[183],"our":[185],"proposed":[186],"could":[188],"potentially":[189],"used":[191],"monitor":[195],"presence":[197],"COVID-19,":[204],"asthma,":[205],"etc.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}