{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159105807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093133","title":"Handling Data Heterogeneity in Electricity Load Disaggregation via Optimized Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Wavelet Packet Transform","display_name":"Handling Data Heterogeneity in Electricity Load Disaggregation via Optimized Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Wavelet Packet Transform","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159105807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093133","mag":"3159105807","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33946443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3133/pdf?version=1620433498","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3133/pdf?version=1620433498","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086102702","display_name":"Kwok Tai Chui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-9901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8679417","display_name":"Hong Kong Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0349bsm71","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwok Tai Chui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071261948","display_name":"Brij B. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105094715","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra","ror":"https://ror.org/04909p852","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105094715"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU","IN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brij B. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, India","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan","Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105094715"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061907283","display_name":"Ryan Wen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-5583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Wen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Inland Shipping Technology, School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-5583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Inland Shipping Technology, School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089550455","display_name":"Pandian Vasant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0755-1046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pandian Vasant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation & Artificial Intelligence (MERLIN), Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Modeling Evolutionary Algorithms Simulation & Artificial Intelligence (MERLIN), Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086102702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8679417"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.847,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85040072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"3133","last_page":"3133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.7054193019866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.6987453699111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6743031144142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.5273374319076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3512480556964874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15280818939208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10143303871154785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.7054193019866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6987453699111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6743031144142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.5273374319076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3512480556964874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15280818939208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10143303871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3133/pdf?version=1620433498","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33946443","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33946443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd279f0c428942a694ce2f34056ce052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd279f0c428942a694ce2f34056ce052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 3133 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/9/3133/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 9; Pages: 3133","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8125600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8125600","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21093133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093133","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3133/pdf?version=1620433498","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159105807.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159105807.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996944908","https://openalex.org/W2009465763","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W2085507535","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2125056386","https://openalex.org/W2328422347","https://openalex.org/W2735966680","https://openalex.org/W2766228343","https://openalex.org/W2784248148","https://openalex.org/W2785706514","https://openalex.org/W2786918196","https://openalex.org/W2788308593","https://openalex.org/W2794372970","https://openalex.org/W2795358293","https://openalex.org/W2804306644","https://openalex.org/W2898535022","https://openalex.org/W2914345141","https://openalex.org/W2914573678","https://openalex.org/W2917733937","https://openalex.org/W2936187816","https://openalex.org/W2945815269","https://openalex.org/W2954626072","https://openalex.org/W2967525005","https://openalex.org/W2984698916","https://openalex.org/W2990387791","https://openalex.org/W2997571538","https://openalex.org/W3001981010","https://openalex.org/W3015175351","https://openalex.org/W3044070975","https://openalex.org/W3045430323","https://openalex.org/W3054239538","https://openalex.org/W3091761066","https://openalex.org/W3095933406","https://openalex.org/W3096394229","https://openalex.org/W3102259139","https://openalex.org/W3102477513","https://openalex.org/W3102977103","https://openalex.org/W3113184906","https://openalex.org/W3116169147","https://openalex.org/W3118796984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3014107421","https://openalex.org/W2081563414","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2359718298","https://openalex.org/W2377062149","https://openalex.org/W2076661204","https://openalex.org/W2380939102","https://openalex.org/W2089603224","https://openalex.org/W1991001811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"warming":[1],"is":[2,31,115],"a":[3,90,97],"leading":[4],"world":[5],"issue":[6],"driving":[7],"the":[8,19,54,119,127,130,152,155,178,182],"common":[9],"social":[10],"objective":[11],"of":[12,21,35,48,58,75,132,154],"reducing":[13],"carbon":[14],"emissions.":[15],"People":[16],"have":[17,43,79],"witnessed":[18],"melting":[20],"ice":[22],"and":[23,60,110,135,170],"abrupt":[24],"changes":[25],"in":[26],"climate.":[27],"Reducing":[28],"electricity":[29,56,71],"usage":[30,57,72],"one":[32],"possible":[33],"method":[34,128],"slowing":[36],"these":[37],"changes.":[38],"In":[39,94],"recent":[40],"decades,":[41],"there":[42],"been":[44],"massive":[45],"worldwide":[46],"rollouts":[47],"smart":[49],"meters":[50],"that":[51,74,126,177],"automatically":[52],"capture":[53],"total":[55,70],"houses":[59],"buildings.":[61],"Electricity":[62],"load":[63],"disaggregation":[64],"(ELD)":[65],"helps":[66],"to":[67,117],"break":[68],"down":[69],"into":[73],"individual":[76],"appliances.":[77],"Studies":[78],"implemented":[80],"ELD":[81,92,120],"models":[82],"based":[83,102],"on":[84,103],"various":[85],"artificial":[86],"intelligence":[87],"techniques":[88],"using":[89],"single":[91],"dataset.":[93],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"powerline":[98],"noise":[99],"transformation":[100],"approach":[101,180],"optimized":[104],"complete":[105],"ensemble":[106],"empirical":[107],"model":[108],"decomposition":[109],"wavelet":[111],"packet":[112],"transform":[113],"(OCEEMD-WPT)":[114],"proposed":[116,156,179],"merge":[118],"datasets.":[121],"The":[122,174],"practical":[123],"implications":[124],"are":[125],"increases":[129],"size":[131],"training":[133],"datasets":[134,141],"provides":[136],"mutual":[137],"benefits":[138],"when":[139],"utilizing":[140],"collected":[142],"from":[143,147],"other":[144,171],"sources":[145],"(especially":[146],"different":[148],"countries).":[149],"To":[150],"reveal":[151],"effectiveness":[153],"method,":[157],"it":[158],"was":[159],"compared":[160],"with":[161],"CEEMD-WPT":[162],"(fixed":[163],"controlled":[164],"coefficients),":[165],"standalone":[166,168],"CEEMD,":[167],"WPT,":[169],"existing":[172],"works.":[173],"results":[175],"show":[176],"improves":[181],"signal-to-noise":[183],"ratio":[184],"(SNR)":[185],"significantly.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}