{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157786608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092999","title":"Semi-Automated Data Processing and Semi-Supervised Machine Learning for the Detection and Classification of Water-Column Fish Schools and Gas Seeps with a Multibeam Echosounder","display_name":"Semi-Automated Data Processing and Semi-Supervised Machine Learning for the Detection and Classification of Water-Column Fish Schools and Gas Seeps with a Multibeam Echosounder","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157786608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092999","mag":"3157786608","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092999","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2999/pdf?version=1620632578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2999/pdf?version=1620632578","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077249240","display_name":"Annalisa Minelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-0154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154004","display_name":"Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pb0ac76","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387154004"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annalisa Minelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-0154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387154004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008187098","display_name":"Anna Nora Tassetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-7877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154004","display_name":"Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pb0ac76","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387154004"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Nora Tassetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-7877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387154004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058425685","display_name":"Briony Hutton","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Briony Hutton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Echoview Software Pty Ltd., GPO Box 1387, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Echoview Software Pty Ltd., GPO Box 1387, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025255191","display_name":"Gerardo N. Pezzuti Cozzolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9209-6526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156210","display_name":"Fondazione Vincenzo Pansadoro","ror":"https://ror.org/05vcy2476","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156210"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerardo N. Pezzuti Cozzolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["SFERANET S.R.L. Via Giulio Vincenzo Bona, 120, 00156 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9209-6526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SFERANET S.R.L. Via Giulio Vincenzo Bona, 120, 00156 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031499432","display_name":"Toby Jarvis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby Jarvis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Echoview Software Pty Ltd., GPO Box 1387, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Echoview Software Pty Ltd., GPO Box 1387, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044513506","display_name":"Gianna Fabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-1201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154004","display_name":"Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology","ror":"https://ror.org/00pb0ac76","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387154004"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianna Fabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (CNR-IRBIM), largo Fiera della Pesca 1, 60125 Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4387154004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058425685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.6737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8869728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"2999","last_page":"2999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-sounding","display_name":"Echo sounding","score":0.8538930416107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bathymetry","display_name":"Bathymetry","score":0.6888604164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column","display_name":"Column (typography)","score":0.6766142845153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6616981029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5352804064750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-column","display_name":"Water column","score":0.47887319326400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seabed","display_name":"Seabed","score":0.4662818908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submarine-pipeline","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","score":0.464537650346756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4452732503414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4319138824939728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3843221068382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.30885350704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2175404131412506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08742654323577881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50254455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164536","display_name":"Echo sounding","level":2,"score":0.8538930416107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.6888604164123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.6766142845153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6616981029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5352804064750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122846477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395805","display_name":"Water column","level":2,"score":0.47887319326400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33613203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468469","display_name":"Seabed","level":2,"score":0.4662818908691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.464537650346756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4452732503414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4319138824939728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3843221068382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.30885350704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2175404131412506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08742654323577881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092999","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2999/pdf?version=1620632578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33923343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33923343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0825c9fcf63d41f0898bcc952ce7a8b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0825c9fcf63d41f0898bcc952ce7a8b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 2999 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/9/2999/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 9; Pages: 2999","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8123111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8123111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092999","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2999/pdf?version=1620632578","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157786608.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134683852","https://openalex.org/W136812450","https://openalex.org/W591644047","https://openalex.org/W1131880090","https://openalex.org/W1522709138","https://openalex.org/W1549331664","https://openalex.org/W1658824078","https://openalex.org/W1972388627","https://openalex.org/W2013403068","https://openalex.org/W2017475857","https://openalex.org/W2017712707","https://openalex.org/W2057729288","https://openalex.org/W2081342653","https://openalex.org/W2082137964","https://openalex.org/W2098790623","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2119719980","https://openalex.org/W2133469759","https://openalex.org/W2140005279","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2158154868","https://openalex.org/W2167850040","https://openalex.org/W2344168023","https://openalex.org/W2533348959","https://openalex.org/W2577408482","https://openalex.org/W2612667989","https://openalex.org/W2617149613","https://openalex.org/W2768101370","https://openalex.org/W2791589456","https://openalex.org/W2794425231","https://openalex.org/W2795834081","https://openalex.org/W2910877966","https://openalex.org/W2941867399","https://openalex.org/W2998021706","https://openalex.org/W3010636942","https://openalex.org/W3018829287","https://openalex.org/W3036297956","https://openalex.org/W3048467963","https://openalex.org/W3048571591","https://openalex.org/W3089090662","https://openalex.org/W3091477941","https://openalex.org/W3133858143","https://openalex.org/W3134901207","https://openalex.org/W4213308398","https://openalex.org/W4241607063","https://openalex.org/W6605479675","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6906636935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969540503","https://openalex.org/W3032103819","https://openalex.org/W2161651281","https://openalex.org/W4296994667","https://openalex.org/W2916445283","https://openalex.org/W2071838477","https://openalex.org/W3093777017","https://openalex.org/W1640259099","https://openalex.org/W4210561017","https://openalex.org/W2981744881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multibeam":[0],"echosounders":[1],"are":[2],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"for":[5,11,27,72],"3D":[6],"bathymetric":[7],"mapping,":[8],"and":[9,37,44,56,62,67],"increasingly":[10],"water":[12,28],"column":[13,29],"studies.":[14],"However,":[15],"they":[16],"rapidly":[17],"collect":[18],"huge":[19],"volumes":[20],"of":[21,64,129],"data,":[22],"which":[23],"poses":[24],"a":[25,54,76,82,138],"challenge":[26],"data":[30,93,122],"processing":[31],"that":[32,59],"is":[33,90],"often":[34],"still":[35],"manual":[36],"time-consuming,":[38],"or":[39],"affected":[40],"by":[41,69,136],"low":[42],"efficiency":[43,61],"high":[45],"false":[46],"detection":[47,66],"rates":[48],"if":[49],"automated.":[50],"This":[51],"research":[52],"describes":[53],"comprehensive":[55],"reproducible":[57],"workflow":[58],"improves":[60],"reliability":[63],"target":[65,73,113,132],"classification,":[68],"calculating":[70],"metrics":[71],"cross-sections":[74],"using":[75,137],"commercial":[77],"software":[78],"before":[79],"feeding":[80],"into":[81],"feature-based":[83],"semi-supervised":[84],"machine":[85],"learning":[86],"framework.":[87],"The":[88],"method":[89],"tested":[91],"with":[92],"collected":[94],"from":[95],"an":[96,101,127],"uncalibrated":[97],"multibeam":[98],"echosounder":[99],"around":[100],"offshore":[102],"gas":[103],"platform":[104],"in":[105,111,131],"the":[106],"Adriatic":[107],"Sea.":[108],"It":[109],"resulted":[110],"more-efficient":[112],"detection,":[114],"and,":[115],"although":[116],"uncertainties":[117],"regarding":[118],"user":[119],"labelled":[120],"training":[121],"need":[123],"to":[124],"be":[125],"underlined,":[126],"accuracy":[128],"98%":[130],"classification":[133],"was":[134],"reached":[135],"final":[139],"pre-trained":[140],"stacking":[141],"ensemble":[142],"model.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}