{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157000777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092907","title":"A Simple Method for Compensating Harmonic Distortion in Current Transformers: Experimental Validation","display_name":"A Simple Method for Compensating Harmonic Distortion in Current Transformers: Experimental Validation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157000777","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092907","mag":"3157000777","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33919172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2907/pdf?version=1618999878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2907/pdf?version=1618999878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059759550","display_name":"Christian Laurano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-6246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134634","display_name":"Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6cf849","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134634"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Laurano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico S.p.A., via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-6246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico S.p.A., via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003675815","display_name":"Sergio Toscani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Toscani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano\u2014DEIB, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano\u2014DEIB, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064404282","display_name":"Michele Zanoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-1322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134634","display_name":"Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6cf849","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134634"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Zanoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico S.p.A., via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2651-1322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico S.p.A., via Rubattino 54, 20134 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003675815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.5286,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81578338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"2907","last_page":"2907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.840914249420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-transformer","display_name":"Current transformer","score":0.632402777671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5883632898330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.559034526348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.522192656993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4660438597202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.44902005791664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.44535309076309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.4426995515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.4212937355041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37099820375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3034360110759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2268441915512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17012110352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11369523406028748}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.840914249420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133770746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856535","display_name":"Current transformer","level":4,"score":0.632402777671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5883632898330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.559034526348114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.522192656993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4660438597202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.44902005791664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.44535309076309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4426995515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.4212937355041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37099820375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3034360110759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2268441915512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17012110352516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11369523406028748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2907/pdf?version=1618999878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33919172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33919172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8122512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8122512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07426b4faba8489c9249d07107c674e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07426b4faba8489c9249d07107c674e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 2907 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/9/2907/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 9; Pages: 2907","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1184114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1184114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21092907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21092907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/2907/pdf?version=1618999878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157000777.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157000777.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069709681","https://openalex.org/W2098397735","https://openalex.org/W2101994891","https://openalex.org/W2110687385","https://openalex.org/W2117971900","https://openalex.org/W2130253523","https://openalex.org/W2133675877","https://openalex.org/W2139722964","https://openalex.org/W2157043021","https://openalex.org/W2160309825","https://openalex.org/W2167550095","https://openalex.org/W2308435502","https://openalex.org/W2344463366","https://openalex.org/W2461721972","https://openalex.org/W2730581955","https://openalex.org/W2766359152","https://openalex.org/W2795298520","https://openalex.org/W2886659213","https://openalex.org/W2894908605","https://openalex.org/W2905303652","https://openalex.org/W2905892210","https://openalex.org/W2906651697","https://openalex.org/W2946251599","https://openalex.org/W2946361480","https://openalex.org/W2972501125","https://openalex.org/W3004687595","https://openalex.org/W3010579655","https://openalex.org/W3016015957","https://openalex.org/W3019672757","https://openalex.org/W3023563684","https://openalex.org/W3037280972","https://openalex.org/W3108152874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386204815","https://openalex.org/W2026048727","https://openalex.org/W2525517395","https://openalex.org/W2162458593","https://openalex.org/W3108705752","https://openalex.org/W2031753233","https://openalex.org/W2543604558","https://openalex.org/W2536922071","https://openalex.org/W2143833827","https://openalex.org/W3041419339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"current":[1,61,99,171,191,229],"transformers":[2],"(CTs)":[3],"suffer":[4],"from":[5],"nonlinearities":[6,188],"due":[7],"to":[8,144,199,203,213,240,246],"their":[9],"ferromagnetic":[10],"cores.":[11],"On":[12,40],"one":[13],"hand,":[14,43],"it":[15,140],"is":[16,63,109,130,174,211],"well-known":[17],"that":[18,92,116,177],"severe":[19],"core":[20],"saturation":[21],"may":[22,33],"occur":[23],"because":[24],"of":[25,38,59,106,150,160,169,228,249],"large":[26],"overcurrents":[27],"or":[28],"unidirectional":[29],"transient":[30],"components:":[31],"this":[32,84,107,120,200,224],"substantially":[34],"impact":[35,88],"the":[36,41,56,75,79,90,146,178,182,204,208,238,247],"operation":[37],"relays.":[39],"other":[42],"weaker":[44],"nonlinear":[45],"effects":[46],"are":[47],"also":[48,185],"present":[49],"during":[50],"regular":[51],"working":[52],"conditions.":[53],"In":[54,82,223],"particular,":[55],"spectral":[57],"content":[58],"typical":[60],"waveforms":[62],"characterized":[64,124],"by":[65,125,190],"a":[66,86,111,157,166],"strong":[67],"fundamental":[68],"term":[69],"responsible":[70],"for":[71,119,186],"harmonic":[72,147],"distortion":[73],"affecting":[74],"frequency":[76],"components":[77],"at":[78,162],"secondary":[80],"side.":[81],"turn,":[83],"has":[85],"significant":[87],"on":[89,194],"accuracy":[91],"can":[93,234],"be":[94,102,214,235],"reached":[95],"as":[96,98],"long":[97],"harmonics":[100,164,230],"must":[101],"monitored.":[103],"The":[104,122,153],"target":[105],"work":[108],"implementing":[110],"simple":[112],"signal":[113],"processing":[114],"technique":[115,183],"allows":[117],"compensating":[118,187],"effect.":[121],"method,":[123],"extremely":[126],"low":[127,205],"computational":[128,206],"complexity,":[129,207],"first":[131],"introduced":[132,189],"and":[133,202,220,245],"validated":[134],"using":[135],"numerical":[136],"simulations.":[137],"After":[138],"this,":[139],"was":[141],"tested":[142],"experimentally":[143],"improve":[145],"measurement":[148],"capability":[149],"inductive":[151],"CTs.":[152],"achieved":[154],"results":[155],"highlight":[156],"noticeable":[158],"reduction":[159],"errors":[161],"low-order":[163],"over":[165],"wide":[167],"range":[168],"primary":[170],"amplitudes.":[172],"It":[173],"worth":[175],"noting":[176],"black-box":[179],"approach":[180],"makes":[181],"suitable":[184,212],"transducers":[192],"based":[193],"different":[195],"operating":[196],"principles.":[197],"Thanks":[198],"peculiarity":[201],"proposed":[209],"method":[210],"employed":[215],"in":[216,231],"power":[217,232,242],"quality":[218,243],"analyzers":[219],"merging":[221],"units.":[222],"way,":[225],"high-accuracy":[226],"monitoring":[227],"systems":[233],"achieved,":[236],"opening":[237],"way":[239],"advanced":[241],"management":[244],"location":[248],"disturbing":[250],"users.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
