{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153551533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082858","title":"Validation of Scolioscan Air-Portable Radiation-Free Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging Assessment System for Scoliosis","display_name":"Validation of Scolioscan Air-Portable Radiation-Free Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging Assessment System for Scoliosis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153551533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082858","mag":"3153551533","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33921592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21082858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082858","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2858/pdf?version=1618813373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2858/pdf?version=1618813373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112631244","display_name":"Kelly Ka-Lee Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Ka-Lee Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010826473","display_name":"Timothy Tin\u2010Yan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4194-4345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Tin-Yan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076311852","display_name":"Michael Ka-Shing Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ka-Shing Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016127372","display_name":"Joseph Chi-Ho Hui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Chi-Ho Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673553","display_name":"Yong\u2010Ping Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-9226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Ping Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-9226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100673553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.7712,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95831696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"2858","last_page":"2858"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scoliosis","display_name":"Scoliosis","score":0.6703428030014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.6397255063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.4925278127193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.44577479362487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound-imaging","display_name":"Ultrasound imaging","score":0.42934852838516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-exposure","display_name":"Radiation exposure","score":0.42348992824554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.32585233449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3098576068878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.23036471009254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.211625337600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1426982581615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.1358908712863922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780955175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174857","display_name":"Scoliosis","level":2,"score":0.6703428030014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.6397255063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.4925278127193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.44577479362487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986892559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Ultrasound imaging","level":3,"score":0.42934852838516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779925993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938","display_name":"Radiation exposure","level":2,"score":0.42348992824554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.32585233449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3098576068878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.23036471009254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.211625337600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1426982581615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1358908712863922}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012600","descriptor_name":"Scoliosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013131","descriptor_name":"Spine","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21082858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082858","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2858/pdf?version=1618813373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33921592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33921592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dae98469841f44d08fd903ae9f5877a7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dae98469841f44d08fd903ae9f5877a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 8, p 2858 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/90784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/90784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/8/2858/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 8; Pages: 2858","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8073843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8073843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21082858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082858","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2858/pdf?version=1618813373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307285","display_name":"Impact Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00jb20j87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153551533.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153551533.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63407547","https://openalex.org/W1580992553","https://openalex.org/W1873110887","https://openalex.org/W1878104391","https://openalex.org/W1967317946","https://openalex.org/W1978832039","https://openalex.org/W2002669900","https://openalex.org/W2002983477","https://openalex.org/W2003767552","https://openalex.org/W2009054260","https://openalex.org/W2013031604","https://openalex.org/W2016974460","https://openalex.org/W2020702918","https://openalex.org/W2027290740","https://openalex.org/W2045930101","https://openalex.org/W2055005681","https://openalex.org/W2065431802","https://openalex.org/W2065917766","https://openalex.org/W2069556693","https://openalex.org/W2069726332","https://openalex.org/W2073701389","https://openalex.org/W2108348061","https://openalex.org/W2110052721","https://openalex.org/W2121264817","https://openalex.org/W2127722262","https://openalex.org/W2134323465","https://openalex.org/W2143835421","https://openalex.org/W2155669631","https://openalex.org/W2158785895","https://openalex.org/W2171685524","https://openalex.org/W2189102896","https://openalex.org/W2257126856","https://openalex.org/W2259183283","https://openalex.org/W2267888321","https://openalex.org/W2288557819","https://openalex.org/W2314880625","https://openalex.org/W2317169580","https://openalex.org/W2327655552","https://openalex.org/W2331394224","https://openalex.org/W2390973136","https://openalex.org/W2395252307","https://openalex.org/W2412170697","https://openalex.org/W2488744541","https://openalex.org/W2509058490","https://openalex.org/W2514623751","https://openalex.org/W2567096633","https://openalex.org/W2585390138","https://openalex.org/W2591318616","https://openalex.org/W2625685094","https://openalex.org/W2757307672","https://openalex.org/W2766972491","https://openalex.org/W2782004107","https://openalex.org/W2809275479","https://openalex.org/W2908725200","https://openalex.org/W2944158282","https://openalex.org/W2946421931","https://openalex.org/W2948566579","https://openalex.org/W2956701387","https://openalex.org/W2965736297","https://openalex.org/W2980192350","https://openalex.org/W2991248548","https://openalex.org/W2997675573","https://openalex.org/W2999816881","https://openalex.org/W3008661253","https://openalex.org/W3032701924","https://openalex.org/W3081983630","https://openalex.org/W3082922232","https://openalex.org/W3085825395","https://openalex.org/W3095588574","https://openalex.org/W3122356105","https://openalex.org/W3147826995","https://openalex.org/W3154217345","https://openalex.org/W3160052410","https://openalex.org/W3173628683","https://openalex.org/W6666755007","https://openalex.org/W6681533359","https://openalex.org/W6731232037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250133764","https://openalex.org/W2391770021","https://openalex.org/W2613177006","https://openalex.org/W4390298813","https://openalex.org/W2990800024","https://openalex.org/W4247495643","https://openalex.org/W3032126157","https://openalex.org/W2182698094","https://openalex.org/W4240101417","https://openalex.org/W2370916954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"diagnose":[1],"scoliosis,":[2],"the":[3,10,33,81,119,147,191,198,202,213,230,236,259,272,276,287,295,316,322,327,341,368],"standing":[4],"radiograph":[5],"with":[6,114,128,137,160,170,197,222,235,279],"Cobb\u2019s":[7],"method":[8],"is":[9,22,50],"gold":[11],"standard":[12],"for":[13,32,47,62,94,286,367],"clinical":[14,365],"practice.":[15],"Recently,":[16],"three-dimensional":[17],"(3D)":[18],"ultrasound":[19,45,89,125,186,194],"imaging,":[20],"which":[21],"radiation-free":[23],"and":[24,37,70,110,118,163,190,220,251,315,346],"inexpensive,":[25],"has":[26],"been":[27],"demonstrated":[28,263],"to":[29,79,145,326,335,361],"be":[30],"reliable":[31],"assessment":[34,49,96],"of":[35,75,83,106,149,173,312,344,357,370],"scoliosis":[36,48,63,95,161,174,338],"validated":[38],"by":[39,151,181,217,275],"several":[40],"groups.":[41],"A":[42,134],"portable":[43,87,192],"3D":[44,88,185,193],"system":[46,103],"very":[51,268],"much":[52],"demanded,":[53],"as":[54],"it":[55,100],"can":[56],"further":[57,121],"extend":[58],"its":[59,363],"potential":[60,364],"applications":[61],"screening,":[64],"diagnosis,":[65],"monitoring,":[66],"treatment":[67],"outcome":[68],"measurement,":[69],"progress":[71],"prediction.":[72],"The":[73,102,205,225,291],"aim":[74],"this":[76],"study":[77],"was":[78,104,143,266,299,307,332],"investigate":[80],"reliability":[82],"a":[84,107,115,123,129,182,267,280,308,354],"newly":[85],"developed":[86],"imaging":[90,187,195],"system,":[91,188,196],"Scolioscan":[92,330,336,345],"Air,":[93],"using":[97],"coronal":[98,214],"images":[99,215],"generated.":[101],"comprised":[105],"handheld":[108],"probe":[109,120],"tablet":[111],"PC":[112],"linking":[113],"USB":[116],"cable,":[117],"included":[122],"palm-sized":[124],"module":[126],"together":[127],"low-profile":[130],"optical":[131],"spatial":[132],"sensor.":[133],"plastic":[135],"phantom":[136,227],"three":[138],"different":[139,155,171],"angle":[140,226],"structures":[141],"built-in":[142],"used":[144],"evaluate":[146],"accuracy":[148],"measurement":[150,228],"positioning":[152],"in":[153,212,337],"10":[154],"orientations.":[156],"Then,":[157],"19":[158],"volunteers":[159],"(13F":[162],"6M;":[164],"Age:":[165],"13.6":[166],"\u00b1":[167,240,246,253,301],"3.2":[168],"years)":[169],"severity":[172],"were":[175,210,318],"assessed.":[176],"Each":[177],"subject":[178,260],"underwent":[179],"scanning":[180],"commercially":[183],"available":[184],"Scolioscan,":[189],"same":[199,203],"posture":[200],"on":[201],"date.":[204],"spinal":[206],"process":[207],"angles":[208,232,273],"(SPA)":[209],"measured":[211,231],"formed":[216],"both":[218],"systems":[219],"compared":[221],"each":[223],"other.":[224],"showed":[229],"well":[233],"agreed":[234],"designed":[237],"values,":[238],"59.7":[239],"2.9":[241,300],"vs.":[242,248,255],"60":[243],"degrees,":[244,250,314],"40.8":[245],"1.9":[247],"40":[249],"20.9":[252],"2.1":[254],"20":[256],"degrees.":[257,303],"For":[258],"tests,":[261],"results":[262],"that":[264],"there":[265,306],"good":[269],"agreement":[270],"between":[271,294],"obtained":[274],"two":[277,296],"systems,":[278],"strong":[281],"correlation":[282],"(R2":[283],"=":[284],"0.78)":[285],"29":[288],"curves":[289],"measured.":[290],"absolute":[292],"difference":[293,311,324],"data":[297],"sets":[298],"1.8":[302],"In":[304],"addition,":[305],"small":[309],"mean":[310,323],"1.2":[313],"differences":[317],"symmetrically":[319],"distributed":[320],"around":[321],"according":[325],"Bland\u2013Altman":[328],"test.":[329],"Air":[331],"sufficiently":[333],"comparable":[334],"assessment,":[339],"overcoming":[340],"space":[342],"limitation":[343],"thus":[347],"providing":[348],"wider":[349],"applications.":[350],"Further":[351],"studies":[352],"involving":[353],"larger":[355],"number":[356],"subjects":[358],"are":[359],"worthwhile":[360],"demonstrate":[362],"values":[366],"management":[369],"scoliosis.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}