{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154165937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082694","title":"Circular Patch Fed Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with High Gain and High Efficiency for Millimeter Wave 5G Small Cell Applications","display_name":"Circular Patch Fed Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with High Gain and High Efficiency for Millimeter Wave 5G Small Cell Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154165937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082694","mag":"3154165937","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33920396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21082694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082694","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2694/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2694/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022724294","display_name":"Abinash Gaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4392-4679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abinash Gaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045194330","display_name":"Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-4047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-4047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103989857","display_name":"Irfan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-6930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062489001","display_name":"Ayman A. Althuwayb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-5016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman A. Althuwayb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5160-5016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045194330"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":37.5381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99515815,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"2694","last_page":"2694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-resonator-antenna","display_name":"Dielectric resonator antenna","score":0.8184175491333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-plane","display_name":"Ground plane","score":0.5912448167800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5330243110656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4978675842285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.46845126152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.4583747386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-gain","display_name":"Antenna gain","score":0.4551659822463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patch-antenna","display_name":"Patch antenna","score":0.445243775844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.4427633285522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-resonator","display_name":"Dielectric resonator","score":0.43623805046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.4343450665473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4130692481994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.40313059091567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.38303983211517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2828410863876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.25198066234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14981794357299805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127820260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5274906","display_name":"Dielectric resonator antenna","level":3,"score":0.8184175491333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88764893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1547722","display_name":"Ground plane","level":3,"score":0.5912448167800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5330243110656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4978675842285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.46845126152038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.4583747386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81183938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251537","display_name":"Antenna gain","level":5,"score":0.4551659822463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159238334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419428","display_name":"Patch antenna","level":3,"score":0.445243775844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.4427633285522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780204790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1220688","display_name":"Dielectric resonator","level":3,"score":0.43623805046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.4343450665473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4130692481994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.40313059091567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.38303983211517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2828410863876343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25198066234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14981794357299805}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21082694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082694","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2694/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33920396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33920396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ab89c8099d84047af5be359ce7dc4a7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ab89c8099d84047af5be359ce7dc4a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 8, p 2694 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/8/2694/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 8; Pages: 2694","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8069743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8069743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21082694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082694","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2694/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154165937.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1245752802","https://openalex.org/W2013039661","https://openalex.org/W2042783534","https://openalex.org/W2065215992","https://openalex.org/W2099063330","https://openalex.org/W2100847439","https://openalex.org/W2105712534","https://openalex.org/W2114232288","https://openalex.org/W2126085217","https://openalex.org/W2130241055","https://openalex.org/W2134201024","https://openalex.org/W2142328736","https://openalex.org/W2142848404","https://openalex.org/W2167918498","https://openalex.org/W2329585417","https://openalex.org/W2511265950","https://openalex.org/W2540088855","https://openalex.org/W2541428253","https://openalex.org/W2545439117","https://openalex.org/W2790771623","https://openalex.org/W2803225511","https://openalex.org/W2908578005","https://openalex.org/W2927002126","https://openalex.org/W2943669934","https://openalex.org/W3002240634","https://openalex.org/W3008943948","https://openalex.org/W3011810609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332936907","https://openalex.org/W1906655695","https://openalex.org/W1972403102","https://openalex.org/W855179750","https://openalex.org/W2588248172","https://openalex.org/W2063523465","https://openalex.org/W1644272274","https://openalex.org/W2588556501","https://openalex.org/W1994808939","https://openalex.org/W2132117228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,22],"novel":[1],"method":[2],"of":[3,84,110,122,175,191,206,225,246],"feeding":[4],"a":[5,9,36,47,52,69,73,176],"dielectric":[6,27,89],"resonator":[7,28,90],"using":[8,68],"metallic":[10,48],"circular":[11,49],"patch":[12,50],"antenna":[13,29,91,101,182,209],"at":[14,125,220],"millimeter":[15,221],"wave":[16,222],"frequency":[17,189,223],"band":[18,224],"is":[19,33,104,134,170,203],"proposed":[20],"here.":[21],"ceramic":[23],"material":[24],"based":[25,39],"rectangular":[26,70,178],"with":[30,41,113,173],"permittivity":[31,42],"10":[32],"placed":[34],"over":[35],"rogers":[37],"RT-Duroid":[38],"substrate":[40],"2.2":[43],"and":[44,63,72,119,148,169,229,255],"fed":[45],"by":[46],"via":[51],"cross":[53,74],"slot":[54,71,75,158],"aperture":[55,79],"on":[56,136],"the":[57,82,85,137,141,144,154,165,187,233],"ground":[58,138],"plane.":[59],"The":[60,77,98,131,157,180,199,208,244],"evolution":[61],"study":[62],"analysis":[64],"has":[65,80,107],"been":[66],"done":[67,135],"aperture.":[76],"cross-slot":[78,132],"enhanced":[81],"gain":[83,109,228],"single":[86,177],"element":[87],"non-metallic":[88],"from":[92,95,193],"6.38":[93],"dB":[94,112],"8.04":[96,111],"dB.":[97],"Dielectric":[99,145],"Resonator":[100,146],"(DRA)":[102],"which":[103,133],"designed":[105,181,210,235],"here":[106,202,211,236],"achieved":[108],"bandwidth":[114],"1.12":[115],"GHz":[116,127,195],"(24.82\u201325.94":[117],"GHz)":[118],"radiation":[120,152,253],"efficiency":[121,231,256],"96%":[123],"centered":[124],"26":[126],"as":[128],"resonating":[129],"frequency.":[130],"plane":[139],"enhances":[140],"coupling":[142],"to":[143,163,196],"Antenna":[147],"achieves":[149],"maximum":[150],"power":[151],"along":[153],"broadside":[155],"direction.":[156],"dimensions":[159],"are":[160,257],"further":[161],"optimized":[162],"achieve":[164],"desired":[166],"impedance":[167,250],"match":[168],"also":[171],"compared":[172],"that":[174],"slot.":[179],"can":[183,212],"be":[184,213],"used":[185,214],"for":[186,215,239],"higher":[188],"bands":[190],"5G":[192,240],"24.25":[194],"27.5":[197],"GHz.":[198],"mode":[200,205],"excited":[201],"characteristics":[204],"TE1Y1.":[207],"indoor":[216,241],"small":[217,242],"cell":[218],"applications":[219],"5G.":[226],"High":[227],"high":[230],"make":[232],"DRA":[234],"more":[237],"suitable":[238],"cells.":[243],"results":[245],"return":[247],"loss,":[248],"input":[249],"match,":[251],"gain,":[252],"pattern,":[254],"shown":[258],"in":[259],"this":[260],"paper.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
